Identification of Heterotic Groups in Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) Through Morphologic and Molecular Methods and Heterosis in Plant Growth, Yield and Earliness

Heterosis is positively correlated with the degree of dissimilarity in the gametes. The objective of the study was to assess heterosis from the data obtained from morphologic and molecular characterizations of the lines in summer squash. This study was conducted at the research plots of Alata Horticultural Research Institute, Erdemli- Mersin in 2012 and 2013. Heterosis was assessed in hybrids created from crosses involving different heterotic groups. The hybrids were grown in open fields and under cover during the spring and autumn seasons. In trials, seedling and plant measurements, time to male and female flower bloom, yields and fruit characteristics were measured and heterosis were calculated. The high positive heterosis were observed in early and total yields. Mean heterosis levels in early yield ranged from 22% to 663%. Heterosis in total yield varied among 28% to 220%. The results indicate that heterotic groups could be generated through the use of morphological and molecular data and high heterosis levels could be achieved especially for early and total yield.

Yazlık Kabaklarda (Cucurbita Pepo L.) Morfolojik ve Moleküler Yöntemlerle Heterotik Grupların Tespit Edilmesi İle Verim, Erkencilik ve Bitki Özelliklerinde Heterozis

Heterosis, gametlerdeki farklılık derecelerinin pozitif koralasyonudur. Çalışmanın amacı, yazlık kabaklarda morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyonlarından elde edilen verilerden heterozisi değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışma 2012-2013 yıllarında Alata Bahçe Kültürleri Araştırma İstasyon Müdürlüğü (ABKAİM) çalışma alanlarında yürütülmüştür. Yazlık kabaklarda 2012 yılında morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyon çalışmaları yapılmış, heterotik gruplar oluşturulmuştur. 2013 yılında ilkbahar ve sonbahar yetiştiricilik dönemlerinde olmak üzere iki dönem halinde örtüaltında heterotik gruplardan oluşturulan melezlerin heterozis durumlarına bakılmıştır. Denemelerde melezlerde ve hatlarda tohum ekiminden itibaren fide ölçümleri, bitki ölçümleri, erkek ve dişi çiçeklerde çiçeklenme zamanları, verim ölçümleri, meyve ölçümleri ve heterozis hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Erkenci ve toplam verimde oldukça yüksek pozitif heterozis belirlenmiştir. Erkenci verimde heterozis ortalamaları %22 ile %663 oranı arasında değişim göstermiştir. Toplam verimde ise heterozis ortalamaları %28 ile %220 arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak; morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyon yöntemlerini kullanarak heterotik grupların oluşturulabileceği ve özellikle erkenci ve toplam verimde yüksek heterozis elde edilebileceği tespit edilmiştir.

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