Haploid bitki elde etme yollarından biri: Mikrospor kültürü

Islah çalışmalarının süresinin kısaltılması ve çeşit geliştirme çalışmalarında kullanılacak homozigot saf hatların daha kısa sürede elde edilmesinde dihaploidizasyon tekniği önemli avantaj sağlamaktadır. Dihaploidizasyon tekniği; arpa, buğday, mısır, çeltik, kolza, biber, patlıcan, Brassica’larda, gerbera, kavun, karpuz, kabak gibi birçok türde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde haploid bitkilerin üretiminde; androgenik yöntemler (anter ve mikrospor kültürü) ve ginogenik yöntemlerden (yumurta (ovül) ve yumurtalık (ovaryum) kültürü, kromozom eliminasyonu, ışınlanmış polenle tozlama) yararlanılmaktadır. Androgenetik yöntemlerden mikrospor kültürü, anter kültürüne alternatif olarak geliştirilmiş bir teknik olup, birçok türde başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Makalede mikrospor kültürünün tanıtımı, yapılış şekli, uygulanış şekli ve başarıyı etkileyen faktörlerle ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

bitki ıslahı, haploit, haploitlik

One of the way for plant obtention : Microspore culture

Dihaploidization techniques provide important advantages in shortening breeding period and provide the possibility of obtaining pure lines needed for the development of new cultivars in a shorter period of time. Dihaplodization technique is widely used for barley, wheat, maize, rice, oilseed rape, pepper, eggplant, brassicas, gerbera, melon, watermelon, squash. Currently, for haploid production, androgenic techniques (anther and microspore culture) and gynogenic techniques (ovule and ovary culture, chromosome elimination, pollination with irradiated pollen have been used. Microspore culture has been developed as an alternative technique to anther culture and is being used successfully among many plant species. In this review, introduction of microspore culture, its methodology, applications and factors influencing success have been described.

Keywords:

plant breeding, haploids, haploidy,

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