Yemen'in Kuzeyinde Osmanlı İdaresinin Yeniden Tesis Edilmesi ve Mekke Şerif Muavini Kıbrıslı Tevfik Paşa (1848-1851)

Muavin Tevfik Pasha (1848-1851) and the Re-Establishment of Ottoman Authority in North Yemen

Abstract: After the conquest of Egypt, the Ottoman State had firstly through Hadım Suleiman Pasha, made an intense effort for the retention of the territory of Yemen within Ottoman territory until the outbreak of World War I. After a while, the Ottomans had withdrawn substantially from the region being unable to stand up to the Zaid. However, the Ottoman state was forced to move back into the action in the Yemen due to the concerns raised by the political and military events of the 19th century. Within this context, the military action undertaken by Muavin Tevfik Pasha during the reign of Sultan Abdulmecid, was extremely important. Muavin Tevfik Pasha understood that the important Ottoman authorities attached importance to the region and he had taken on an important task to realise them through military operations. The reason for attempting such an undertaking was the Ottoman concern to secure the Red Sea and the Arabian Peninsula. The control of Yemen was necessary, in terms of the security of the Holy lands of the Hejaz, Mecca and Medina and the continuation of the relationship of the ruler and Muslim community within the boundaries of Ottoman territory with this duty. The military operations undertaken by Muavin Tevfik Pasha on behalf of the Ottoman state are investigated in this article and as Muavin Tevfik Pasha had a very important role in the development of these events, the article focuses on him. In addition there is included a description of the wider politics of the period and also of the policy of the Ottoman state in this region, in order to more completely understand this issue.

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