Historiography as a Tool for Nationbuilding: The Case of Turkey

Dünyanın hemen hemen her yerinde, ülkeler ulus veya milliyetçilik üzerinde kurulmuştur. Bazı ülkeler bir etnik kimliğe veya ırksal geçmişe odaklanarak ulus oluşturmuştur, yine başkaları manevi bir birlik üzerine dayanmaktadır. Bu teorilerin tümünde, ulus sürecinde bir birlik yaratma unsuru vardır. Bu süreçte, bir çok araç kullanmak mümkündür. Örneğin bu araçlar arasında şarkı, şiir, yazı, tarih yazımı ve çok daha fazlası vardır. Tarih yazım bilimi halkı bir şekilde eğitmek için en uygun araçtır, eğitimde kullanılan tarih ders kitaplarıyla ulusun birçok özelliğini yeni nesillere aktarmak mümkündür. Bu yüzden, bu makalede özellikle Türk tarih yazım metodolojisi üzerinde durulmuştur ve özellikle tarih okul kitaplarında var olan Türk tarih yazım bilimine bakılmıştır. Tarih yazımına bakarak özellikle Türkiye'nin durumu kaleme alınmıştır. Bu çalışmamda Türkiye'deki ulus anlayışının imajının etnik, ırk, dil veya din üzerine değil de coğrafya üzerinde kurulduğunu tartışıyorum. Bu coğrafi temel oluştururken özellikle Anadolu'nun askerî öneminin yüceltildiğini ve vatan olarak gösterildiğini görmekteyiz. Türk tarih yazım geleneği Anadolu'ya odaklanırken başka bölgeleri istenilen ölçülerde ele almadığı görülmektedir ki Türklerin Balkanlar'da uğradıkları yenilgiler bunun en göze batan örneklerinden biridir

Ulus Yapımında Bir Araç Olarak Tarih Yazımı: Türkiye’nin Durumu

Almost every country in the world is based upon nationalism. Some are based on a spiritual unity, while others focus on an ethnic or racial background. In all of these theories, there is the element of creating an unity through the process of nation-building. In this process, one can use multiple sources. Among these are songs, poems, writings, historiography and much more. In particular the case of historiography is emphasized in this article as historiography can be best implemented by using history text books for education. In this way, generations of school children can enjoy historiography that will make them grow into a unity with their fellow countrymen. In the case of Turkey, this tool of historiography is used to depict a new nation. I argue that this image of the nation is not based upon ethnicity, racial background, nor even linguistics or religion but mainly on geography. And in order to create a geographical basis, historiography was used as a tool to promote the military glorification of Anatolia. The strong focus on Anatolia also meant neglecting other geographical regions, of which the Balkans seem to be the most neglected, due to the military humilitation the Turks encounted in those regions

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