Türkiye’de fındık kültürü

Türkiye fındık kültürünün anavatan bölgeleri arasındadır. Ülkemizde fındık eski ve yeni bölge olarak adlandırılan kuzeyde yetiştirilmektedir. Eski bölge Doğu Karadeniz bölgesi olup Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Rize, Artvin illerini kapsamaktadır. Yeni bölge ise orta ve batı Karadeniz bölgesi olup ağırlıklı olarak Samsun, Sinop, Düzce, Sakarya, Zonguldak, Kocaeli illerini içerir. Tombul, Çakıldak ve Foşa en fazla yetiştirilen çeşitlerdir. Türkiye dünyada en önemli fındık üreticisi olup ortalama 600 bin ton fındık üretmektedir. Bu durum dünya fındık üretiminin %70’ini karşılamaktadır. Türkiye tarım ürünleri ihracatının ise %20’sini oluşturmaktadır. Aynı zamanda fındık Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinde yaşayan 400 bin ailenin de geçim kaynağıdır. Doğu Karadeniz bölgesi sahip olduğu ekoloji dolayısı ile fındık üretimine en uygun bölgedir. Üretimde yoğun işçilik ile geleneksel yetiştirme uygulamaları yaygındır. Son yıllarda tarım tekniklerinin uygulanması konusunda farkındalık artmış ve yeni bahçe tesisleri başlamıştır.

Hazelnut culture in Turkey

Turkey is a homeland of hazelnut culture. Hazelnutsare cultivated in the North of Anatolia, called the oldand new region. The old region is in the Eastern BlackSea region and includes Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Rizeand Artvin provinces. The new region is located in thecentral and western Black Sea region and includesmainly Samsun, Sinop, Düzce, Sakarya, Zonguldak,Kocaeli provinces. Tombul, Çakıldak and Foşa are themost cultivated varieties. Turkey is the most important hazelnut producer in the world with 705thousand hectares of total area and average of 600thousand tons. It meets 70% of hazelnut productionin the world. Hazelnut constitutes approximately20% of exports of agricultural products of Turkey.Again, hazelnut is the source of livelihood of 400 thousand families living in Eastern Black Sea Region. TheEastern Black sea region is extremely suitable for hazelnut culture due to its ecology. Hazelnut has beengrown for many years and it is intertwined with thesocial, economic and cultural values of the people ofthe region. Traditional cultivation practices with intensively labor are common in production periods. Inrecent years, awareness of the application of agricultural techniques has increased and new orchardshave been established.

PDF

___

Anonymous, 2011. Hazelnut Integrated Menagements with Technical Instruction. Agricultural Ministry pubs. Ankara.
Ayfer, M., Uzun, A., Baş, F. 1986. Turkish Hazelnut cultivars. Ankara.
Bostan, SZ., İslam, A., Sen, SM. 1997. Investigation on nut development in hazelnuts and determination of nut characteristics and variation within cultivars in some hazelnut cultivars. IV International Symposium on Hazelnut. Proceeding book, 142-147.
FAO, 2016. Statistical database, www.fao.org (Access date: 09/09/2018).
İslam, A. 1997. Hazelnut culture in Black Sea Region. Soscioeconomic symposium in Blacksea region. Proceeding book, 56-63.
İslam, A. 2000. Clonal Selection in Turkish Hazelnut Cultivars Grown in Ordu Province. PhD Thesis, University of Çukurova, Adana, 192 p.
İslam, A. 2003. Clonal selection in ‘Uzunmusa’ hazelnut, Plant Breeding, 122(4): 368-371
slam, A., Kurt, H., Turan, A., 2004. Effect on Yield and Nut Quality of Ocak and Single Trunk Training Systems. Sixth Int. Congress on Hazelnut. Acta Horticulturae 686:259-262.
İslam, A., Turan, A. 2013. The Evaluation of Good Agricultural Practices in Hazelnut Growing in Turkey. Proceedings – 24th International Scientific-Expert Conference of Agriculture and Food Industry, Sarajevo, Proceeding Book, 471-474.
Koyuncu, M. A., İslam, A., Küçük, M. 2005. Fat and Fatty Acid Composition of Hazelnut Kernels in Vacuum Packages During Storage, Grasas Aceites, 56(4): 263-266.
Köksal, A.İ., 2002. Turkish Hazelnut cultivars. Hazelnut promotion group pubs. Ankara.
Köksal, I., Artik, N., Simsek, A., Günes, N. 2006. Nutrient composition of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) varieties cultivated in Turkey. Food Chem, 99(3):509–515.
Me, G., Valentini, N., Caviglione, M., Lovisolo, C. 2004. Effect of shade on flowering and yield for two different hazelnut training systems. Int. Congress on Hazelnut 686: 25-32.
Mennan, H. Ngouajiob, M., Isık, D., Kaya, E., 2006. Effects of alternative management systems on weed populations in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Crop Protection 25(8): 835–841.
Okay, A.N., Kaya, A., Küçük, V. Y., Küçük, A. 1986. Hazelnut groving. Ministry of Agriculture pubs. 142 pp.
Oliveira, I., Sousa, A.. Morais, J.S., Ferreira, I.C., Bento, A., Estevinho, L. 2008. Chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars. Food Chem Toxicology, 46 (5): 1801-1807.
Özenç, N., Caliskan, N., 2000. Effects of husk compost on hazelnut yield and quality. V International Congress on Hazelnut 556.
Özkurt, S. A. 1950. Hazelnut. Mithat Dördüncü Müessesesi pubs, İstanbul.
Özkutlu, F., Korkmaz, K., Özenç, N., Aygün, A., Şahin, Ö., Kahraman, M., Ete, Ö., Akgün, M., Taşkin, B. 2016. Determination of Mineral Nutrition Status of Some Hazelnut Gardens in Ordu. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi. 5(2):77-86.
Peker, 1960. Theophrastos ve fındık. Karadenizin milli mahsulü fındığın 2332 yıllık vesikası. İstanbul, 23 s.
Roversi, A., and Malvicini, G.L., Mozzone, G., Dilmacunal, T. 2009. A Simple Summer Pruning Trial on Hazelnut. Acta Hort. 845:367-372.
Thompson M. M. 1982. Breeding for filbert varieties suitable for shelling. Proc. Nut Growers Soc. OR, WA, and BC. 67:35-42.
Tonkaz, T., Sahin, S., Bostan, S.Z., Korkmaz, K., 2017. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Hazelnut Fruit Grown under Different Irrigation Conditions, IX. International Congress on Hazelnut, August 15- 19, Samsun.
Tous, J., Girona, J., Tasias, J. 1994. Cultural practices and cost in hazelnut production. Acta Hort 351:395-518
Tous, J., Rovira, M. 2004. Situation and agronomic perspectives of the cultivation of the hazel. Rural life, 9:41- 45.
Tous, J., Romero, A., Plana, J., Sentis, X., Ferrán J. 2005. Effect Of Nitrogen, Boron And Iron Fertilization On Yield And Nut Quality Of ´Negret´ Hazelnut Trees. Acta Horticulturae 686: 277-280.
Turan, A., Ruşen, M., İslam, A., Kurt, H., Ak, K., Sezer, A., Sarıoğlu, M., Kalyoncu, İ.H., Kalkışım, Ö., 2010. Investigation of organic hazelnut production in Giresun. Türkiye 4. Organic Agricultural Symposium, Erzurum. Proceeding book, 123-129.
Turan, A., İslam, A. 2018. Effect of drying methods on some chemical characteristics of hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) during storage. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 8(3): 11-19.
TÜİK, 2016. Agricultural production values, www.tuik.gov.tr (Access date: 09/09/2018)