Kamu Hizmeti Motivasyonunu Şekillendiren Faktörler ve Sektör Tercihi

Kamu Hizmeti Motivasyonu (KHM), kamu görevlilerinin içsel motive edicilerle güdülenme düzeylerinin özel sektör çalışanlarından daha yüksek olduğunu ileri süren bir motivasyon yaklaşımıdır ve “politikaya ilgi”, “merhamet”, “fedakârlık” ve “kamu yararı” olmak üzere dört boyutu vardır. Literatürde, cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, eğitim gördüğü alan, sosyo-kültürel çevre, dindarlık düzeyi, ebeveynlerin kamu görevlisi olması gibi faktörlerin KHM düzeyini şekillendirdiği yönünde bulgulara ulaşıldığı görülmüştür. KHM’nin bireylerin performansı, kurumsal bağlılığı, sektör tercihi, ihbar davranışı, iş doyumu, hesap verebilirlik, etik davranış gibi örgütsel değerleri etkilediği de literatürde elde edilen bulgular arasındadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin KHM düzeylerinin şekillenmesinde eğitim düzeyleri, eğitim gördükleri alan, cinsiyet, yaş ve ebeveynlerin kamu görevlisi olması faktörlerinin etkisini ve KHM’nin sektör tercihi üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmanın örneklemini beş devlet üniversitesinin İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültelerinin öğrencileri arasından rastgele örneklem metoduyla seçilen 967 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri Perry (1996) tarafından geliştirilen 24 maddeli KHM ölçeği ile sektör tercihine ilişkin 5 maddeli anket formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları cinsiyet ve eğitim görülen alan faktörlerinin KHM düzeyinin şekillenmesinde etki yarattığını göstermektedir. Ancak eğitim düzeyi, yaş ve ebeveynlerin kamu görevlisi olması faktörlerinin KHM’nin şekillenmesinde istatistik olarak anlamlı bir etki yaratmadığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Diğer bir bulgu ise KHM’nin bireylerin sektör tercihinde belirleyici bir faktör olduğudur.

Factors Driving Public Service Motivation and Sector Preference

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of education level, education branch, gender, age, and public servant-role of parents in shaping PSM levels of university students and the effect of PSM on sector preference. The sample of the study consisted of 967 people selected by random sampling method among the students of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences of five state universities. The data of the study were collected by using a 24-item PSM scale of Perry (1996) and a five-item questionnaire for sector preferences. The findings of the study show that gender and education branch effect PSM level of individuals. However, education level, age and public employee-roles of parents do not affect the PSM level. Another finding is that of PSM is a determining factor in the sector preferences of individuals. Public Service Motivation is a motivation approach that asserts that motivating by intrinsic motivators level of public officials is higher than that of private sector employees and it has four dimensions such as Attraction to Policy Making, Compassion, Self-Sacrifice, and Commitment to Public Interest. According to the PSM literature, gender, age, the level and branch of the education, socio-cultural environment, religiousness, and having public employee parents shape PSM level of individuals. It is also found in the literature that PSM influences organizational values such as personnel performance, organizational commitment, sector preferences, whistle-blowing, job satisfaction, accountability, and ethical behavior.

Keywords:

Public service motivation, public administration discipline sector preference,

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