Damla TURAN BÜYÜKDİNÇ, Gonca GÜNVER DALKILIÇ

Sarılop İncir (Ficus carica L.) Çeşidi Yaprak Segmentlerinden Somatik Embriyogenesis Oluşumu

Bu çalışmada, iyi kalitede sofralık ve kurutmalık bir incir çeşidi olan Sarılop çeşidinin yaprak segmentleri kullanılarak direkt ve indirekt somatik embriyogenesis yoluyla somatik embriyo oluşumu amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada eksplant olarak; 2011-2013 yıllarında Kasım ve Nisan aylarında alınan incir tepe tomurcuklarından Murashige-Skoog (MS) besin ortamında geliştirilen yapraklar kullanılmıştır. Bu yaprak eksplantları, indirekt somatik embriyo gelişimi için ilkbahar döneminde K-2 (2 mg/L 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic asit) + 0.2 mg/L kinetin) ortam kombinasyonunda kültüre alınmıştır. Bu ortam kombinasyonunda % 66.66 oranında kallus elde edilmiştir; ancak somatik embriyo gelişimi elde edilememiştir. Direkt somatik embriyo oluşumu için ise yaprak eksplantları TDZ (Thidiazuron) ve 2İP’in (N6-2-isopentenyladenine) farklı kombinasyonlarını içeren MS ortamında kültüre alınmıştır. Eksplantlar kültüre; kallus oluşumu, eksplant uzaması, kök oluşumu ile embriyo oluşumu şeklinde cevap vermiştir. En yüksek oranda kök oluşum oranı (% 42.76) ve en yüksek embriyo oluşum oranı (% 20) ilkbahar döneminde DE-4 (MS + 2 mg/L TDZ + 8 mg/L 2İP) kombinasyonunda elde edilmiştir. Eksplant başına oluşan somatik embriyo sayısı 0.83’tür. DE-2 (MS + 2 mg/L TDZ + 4 mg/L 2İP) ortamında % 83 oranında kallus gelişmesi de gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İncir, Ficus carica L., Sarılop, somatik embriyogenesis

Pests Species Determined in Stored Dried Apricot in Malatya Province, Turkey

Although the motherland of apricot fruit is known as China and Central Asia, today, Turkey, with about 1 million tons of apricot production in the world is located at the first place. Malatya Province, Turkey, where the apricot which is exported both as fresh and dry, is produced the most, has become a world trademark with its high quality dried apricots. As in many other agricultural products, many diseases and pests are very big problem for apricot. In order to protect the natural yellow color of the apricot and to show fumigant feature, sulfur is applied to dry the apricots before drying process. Natural dried apricots, are left to dry under the sun on the herbs or ground coverings, which are laid on the ground, often near apricot orchards. Apricots, which have a high risk of infestations due to pest insects are removed to apricot depots without any treatment. By preparing a survey program to Malatya Province, the samples were taken from the stored apricots in Akçadağ, Battalgazi, Darende, Hekimhan, Kale, Doğanşehir, Yazıhan, Yeşilyurt and examined for pests. Samples with immature stage of the pests were brought to the laboratory and put jars to obtain adults. So that pests in apricots were identified: Plodia interpunctella (Hübner, 1813) (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae), Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricus, 1792) (Coleoptera; Anobidae), Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera; Nitidulidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera; Silvanidae) and Carpoglyphus lactis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Acarina; Carpoglyphidae) were determined of apricot pests. It is determined that if there is no control against these pests detected in dried apricot stores in Malatya region, they can cause significant losses in the product.

Keywords:

Stored pests, dried apricot, Malatya, Turkey,

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