Endüstriyel Rafinasyon İşleminin Kanola ve Mısır Yağlarının Yağ Asidi, Sterol, Uçucu Bileşen Profili ve 3-MCPD Ester İçeriğine Etkisi

Çalışma, farklı rafinasyon aşamalarındaki ticari bitkisel yağların 3-monokloropropan-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester miktarı ve uçucu bileşen miktarının yanısıra yağ asidi ve sterol bileşimlerinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri rapor etmektedir. Kanola ve mısır yağları, kimyasal rafinasyon gerçekleştiren bir işletmenin nötralizasyon, ağartma, vinterizasyon ve deodorizasyon aşamalarından temin edilmiş ve yağ asidi, sterol, uçucu bileşenler ve 3-MCPD ester içerikleri yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Yağ asidi ve sterol profilleri sırasıyla IUPAC ve AOCS Resmi Metotları kullanılarak, 3-MCPD ester miktarı ise DGF C VI 18 (10) Resmi Metodu kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları sterollerin toplam miktarlarının işlem boyunca kanola ve mısır yağları için sırasıyla %15.22 ve %42.57 düzeylerinde azaldığını göstermiştir. Kanola yağının toplam uçucu madde miktarı rafinasyon sırasında kademeli olarak azalmıştır, ancak mısır yağında ağartma aşamasında önemli derecede artış olmuştur. 3-MCPD ester miktarı mısır yağı için 0.19-0.26 mg kg-1, kanola yağı için ise 0.20-0.48 mg kg-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Deodorizasyonun 3-MCPD ester oluşumu için en önemli basamak olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Effect of Industrial Refining Process on Fatty Acid, Sterol, Volatile Compound Profile and 3-MCPD Ester Content of Canola and Corn Oils

The study reports the changes in fatty acid and sterol composition; as well as volatile and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester content of two commercial vegetable oils at different steps of refining process. Canola and corn oils were collected from neutralization, bleaching, winterization and deodorization stages of a chemical refining plant and oil samples were evaluated for fatty acid, sterol, volatile compounds and 3-MCPD ester contents. Fatty acid and sterol profiles were determined using IUPAC and AOCS Official Methods respectively and 3-MCPD ester content was determined using DGF C VI 18 (10) Official Method. Results have shown that total sterol contents decreased throughout the process by 15.22% and 42.57% for canola and corn oils, respectively. Total volatiles of canola oil decreased gradually during refining, however corn oil had significant increases at bleaching step. 3-MCPD ester contents were between 0.19-0.26 mg kg-1 for corn and 0.20-0.48 mg kg-1 for canola oils. Deodorization was found to be the most influential refining stage for formation of 3-MCPD esters.

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