Çeşitli sakızların ağız ve diş sağlığı üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Sakızlar günlük hayatta keyif verici olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yapısına çeşitli terapötik maddeler ilave edilen sakızlar, diş hekimliğinde kserostomi, erozyon ve yüksek çürük aktiviteli bireylerin tedavisi ile periodontal hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Sakızlar tükürük tamponlama kapasitesini ve remineralizasyon potansiyelini artırırlar. Özellikle şeker alkolü içeren diş dostu sakızlar çürük önleyici programlar içerisinde yerini almıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ağız Sağlığı, Ciklet, Diş Remineralizasyonu, Koruyucu Diş Hekimliği, Şeker Alkolleri

The effects of various chewing gums on oral and dental health

Chewing gums are often used as exhilarating in daily routine. With the addition of various therapeutic agents to its structure, chewing gums can be used in the treatment of periodontal diseases, xerostomia, erosion and are recommended for individuals with high caries activity. Chewing gums can also promote the saliva buffer capacity and remineralization potential. Especially, tooth-friendly chewing gums containing sugar alcohols, are included in caries preventive programs.

Keywords:

Chewing Gum, Oral Health, Preventive Dentistry, Sugar Alcohols, Tooth Remineralization,

PDF

___

Imfeld T. Chewing gum--facts and fiction: a review of gum-chewing and oral health. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999;10:405-19.
Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M. The potential of dental-protective chewing gum in oral health interventions. J Am Dent Assoc 2008;139:553- 63.
Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M. Xylitol, sweeteners, and dental caries. Pediatr Dent 2006;28:154-63; discussion 192-8.
Edgar WM, Geddes DA. Chewing gum and dental health--a review. Br Dent J 1990;168:173-7.
Edgar WM. Sugar substitutes, chewing gum and dental caries--a review. Br Dent J 1998;184:29-32.
Dodds MW, Hsieh SC, Johnson DA. The effect of increased mastication by daily gum-chewing on salivary gland output and dental plaque acidogenicity. J Dent Res 1991;70:1474-8.
Mickenautsch S, Leal SC, Yengopal V, Bezerra AC, Cruvinel V. Sugar-free chewing gum and dental caries: a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci 2007;15:83-8.
Glass RL. Effects on dental caries incidence of frequent ingestion of small amounts of sugars and stannous EDTA in chewing gum. Caries Res 1981;15:256-62.
Park KK, Hernandez D, Schemehorn BR, Katz BP, Stookey GK, Sanders PG, et al. Effect of chewing gums on plaque pH after a sucrose challenge. ASDC J Dent Child 1995;62:180-6.
Jensen ME. Effects of chewing sorbitol gum and paraffin on human interproximal plaque pH. Caries Res 1986;20:503-9.
Manning RH, Edgar WM. pH changes in plaque after eating snacks and meals, and their modification by chewing sugared- or sugar-free gum. Br Dent J 1993;174:241-4.
Jensen ME, Wefel JS. Human plaque pH responses to meals and the effects of chewing gum. Br Dent J 1989;167:204-8.
Beckers HJ. Influence of xylitol on growth, establishment, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque of rats. Caries Res 1988;22:166-73.
Creanor SL, Strang R, Gilmour WH, Foye RH, Brown J, Geddes DA, et al. The effect of chewing gum use on in situ enamel lesion remineralization. J Dent Res 1992;71:1895-900.
Hicks J, Garcia-Godoy F, Flaitz C. Biological factors in dental caries: role of remineralization and fluoride in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 3). J Clin Pediatr Dent 2004;28:203-14.
Burt BA. The use of sorbitol- and xylitol-sweetened chewing gum in caries control. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137:190-6.
Birkhed D, Svensäter G, Edwardsson S. Cariological studies of individuals with long-term sorbitol consumption. Caries Res 1990;24:220-3.
Newburn E. Cariology, 3rd edn. Illinois: Quintessence Publishing Co; 1989. p.145-59.
Aguirre-Zero O, Zero DT, Proskin HM. Effect of chewing xylitol chewing gum on salivary flow rate and the acidogenic potential of dental plaque. Caries Res 1993;27:55-9.
Leach SA, Lee GT, Edgar WM. Remineralization of artificial carieslike lesions in human enamel in situ by chewing sorbitol gum. J Dent Res 1989;68:1064-8.
Mäkinen KK, Chen CY, Mäkinen PL, Bennett CA, Isokangas PJ, Isotupa KP, et al. Properties of whole saliva and dental plaque in relation to 40-month consumption of chewing gums containing xylitol, sorbitol of sucrose. Caries Res 1996;30:180-8.
Mäkinen KK. Sugar alcohols, caries incidence, and remineralization of caries lesions: a literature review. Int J Dent 2010;2010:981072.
Lif Holgerson P, Stecksén-Blicks C, Sjöström I, Oberg M, Twetman S. Xylitol concentration in saliva and dental plaque after use of various xylitol-containing products. Caries Res 2006;40:393-7.
Milgrom P, Ly KA, Roberts MC, Rothen M, Mueller G, Yamaguchi DK. Mutans streptococci dose response to xylitol chewing gum. J Dent Res 2006;85:177-81.
Nakai Y, Shinga-Ishihara C, Kaji M, Moriya K, Murakami-Yamanaka K, Takimura M. Xylitol gum and maternal transmission of mutans streptococci. J Dent Res 2010;89:56-60.
Mäkinen KK, Hujoel PP, Bennett CA, Isotupa KP, Mäkinen PL, Allen P. Polyol chewing gums and caries rates in primary dentition: a 24- month cohort study. Caries Res 1996;30:408-17.
Mäkinen KK, Bennett CA, Hujoel PP, Isokangas PJ, Isotupa KP, Pape HR Jr, et al. Xylitol chewing gums and caries rates: a 40-month cohort study. J Dent Res 1995;74:1904-13.
Hine MK, O'donnell JF. Incidence of urease producing bacteria in saliva. J Dent Res 1943;22:103-6.
Imfeld T, Birkhed D, Lingström P. Effect of urea in sugar-free chewing gums on pH recovery in human dental plaque evaluated with three different methods. Caries Res 1995;29:172-80.
Finn SB, Jamison HC. The effect of a dicalcium phosphate chewing gum on caries incidence in children: 30-month results. J Am Dent Assoc 1967;74:987-95.
Itthagarun A, King NM, Yiu C, Dawes C. The effect of chewing gums containing calcium phosphates on the remineralization of artificial caries-like lesions in situ. Caries Res 2005;39:251-4.
Morgan MV, Adams GG, Bailey DL, Tsao CE, Fischman SL, Reynolds EC. The anticariogenic effect of sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP nanocomplexes on approximal caries determined using digital bitewing radiography. Caries Res 2008;42:171-84.
Reynolds EC, Cai F, Shen P, Walker GD. Retention in plaque and remineralization of enamel lesions by various forms of calcium in a mouthrinse or sugar-free chewing gum. J Dent Res 2003;82:206-11.
Schirrmeister JF, Seger RK, Altenburger MJ, Lussi A, Hellwig E. Effects of various forms of calcium added to chewing gum on initial enamel carious lesions in situ. Caries Res 2007;41:108-14.
Shen P, Cai F, Nowicki A, Vincent J, Reynolds EC. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. J Dent Res 2001;80:2066-70.
Cai F, Manton DJ, Shen P, Walker GD, Cross KJ, Yuan Y, et al. Effect of addition of citric acid and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate to a sugar-free chewing gum on enamel remineralization in situ. Caries Res 2007;41:377-83.
Zero DT. Recaldent--evidence for clinical activity. Adv Dent Res 2009;21:30-4.
Lamb WJ, Corpron RE, More FG, Beltran ED, Strachan DS, Kowalski CJ. In situ remineralization of subsurface enamel lesion after the use of a fluoride chewing gum. Caries Res 1993;27:111-6.
Amoian B, Moghadamnia AA, Barzi S, Sheykholeslami S, Rangiani A. Salvadora Persica extract chewing gum and gingival health: improvement of gingival and probe-bleeding index. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2010;16:121-3.
Nagata H, Inagaki Y, Tanaka M, Ojima M, Kataoka K, Kuboniwa M, et al. Effect of eucalyptus extract chewing gum on periodontal health: a double-masked, randomized trial. J Periodontol 2008;79:1378- 85.
Ainamo J, Etemadzadeh H. Prevention of plaque growth with chewing gum containing chlorhexidine acetate. J Clin Periodontol 1987;14:524-7.
Simons D, Kidd EA, Beighton D, Jones B. The effect of chlorhexidine/xylitol chewing-gum on cariogenic salivary microflora: a clinical trial in elderly patients. Caries Res 1997;31:91-6.
Lingström P, Fure S, Dinitzen B, Fritzne C, Klefbom C, Birkhed D. The release of vitamin C from chewing gum and its effects on supragingival calculus formation. Eur J Oral Sci 2005;113:20-7.
Caglar E, Kavaloglu SC, Kuscu OO, Sandalli N, Holgerson PL, Twetman S. Effect of chewing gums containing xylitol or probiotic bacteria on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Clin Oral Investig 2007;11:425-9.
Twetman S, Derawi B, Keller M, Ekstrand K, Yucel-Lindberg T, Stecksen-Blicks C. Short-term effect of chewing gums containing probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri on the levels of inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid. Acta Odontol Scand 2009;67:19- 24.
Hayashi Y, Ohara N, Ganno T, Ishizaki H, Yanagiguchi K. Chitosancontaining gum chewing accelerates antibacterial effect with an increase in salivary secretion. J Dent 2007;35:871-4.
Porciani PF, Grandini S, Perra C, Grandini R. Whitening effect by stain inhibition from a chewing gum with sodium hexametaphosphate in a controlled twelve-week single-blind trial. J Clin Dent 2006;17:14-6.
Tang B, Millar BJ. Effect of chewing gum on tooth sensitivity following whitening. Br Dent J 2010;208:571-7.