Meme Kanserinde Telomer Uzunluğu ve Önemi

Meme kanseri kadınlar arasında kanserden ölümlerin en sık görüldüğü ve her yıl tüm dünya genelinde yaklaşık 1.67 milyon yeni vakanın beklendiği ciddi bir sağlık sorunu olarak günümüzde önem taşımaktadır. Meme kanserine yol açan faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve doğru tanımlanması tanı ve tedavinin yanı sıra prognoz açısından da önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmalarda meme kanserinin moleküler mekanizmaları arasında telomer uzunluğunun da önemli rolleri olduğu gösterilmiştir. Telomerler telomeraz aktivitesiyle kromozom uçlarını hasara karşı korur ve her hücre bölünmesi sırasında kısalır. Fakat hangi kanser tipinde nasıl bir etkisi olduğu veya telomer uzunluğunun tam bir profili şimdiye kadar gösterilememiştir. Bu yüzden hangi kanser türünde telomerin kısaldığı veya hangi kanser türünde uzunluğunun değişmediği hala netlik kazanmamıştır. Ancak literatürdeki verilere göre birçok insan kanser türünde telomer uzunluğunun aktif olduğu ve telomerazın yukarı regülasyon (up-regüle) özellik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu mekanizmanın anlaşılabilmesi için telomer uzunluğuna etki eden önemli moleküllerin/genlerin de tanımlanması gerekmektedir. Yapılmış çalışmalardaki bilgiler bize telomerin kanserleşme sürecinde etkin rol alabileceğine dair ipuçlarını göstermektedir. Biz de bu derlemede telomer uzunluğunun meme kanserindeki önemini yapılmış çalışmalarla özetleyerek ortaya koymayı amaçladık. Telomer uzunluğu (kısalma/uzama) ve telomeraz enzim aktivitesinin (yüksek/düşük) kansere özgü profilinin ortaya konması meme kanser tanı ve tedavisinde yol gösterici olabileceğini düşünmekteyiz. Telomer ve meme kanseri ile ilgili gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara bu derlemenin ışık tutacağına inanmaktayız.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Meme kanseri, Telomer uzunluğu, Telomeraz, D-loop, T-loop

Telomere Lenght in Breast Cancer and Importance

Breast cancer, which is the most common type of cancer that causes death among women, is a severe health problem, and each year around 1.67 million new cases are estimated worldwide. It is known that identification and proper definition of the factors that cause breast cancer are important for prognosis as well as diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies have shown that telomere length plays a significant role in the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer. Telomeres protect the chromosome ends against damage by telomerase activity and shorten during each cell division. However, the possible scale of its impacts on different types of cancer or a complete profile of telomere length has not been shown so far. Therefore, it is still unclear in which cancer type the telomere shortens or in which cancer type its length does not change. However, according to the data in the literature, telomere length is active, and telomerase is up-regulated in many human cancer types. In order to understand this mechanism, it is necessary to identify essential molecules/genes that affect telomere length. The information obtained from the current studies shows us that the telomere may play an active role in the cancer process. In this review, we aimed to summarize the importance of telomere length in breast cancer through current studies. We suggest that building up a cancer-specific profile of telomere length (shortening/elongation) and enzyme activity of telomerase (high/low) can be a guide for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. We believe that this review will shed light on future studies on telomere and breast cancer.

Keywords:

Breast cancer, telomere length, telomerase, D-loop, T-loop,

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