Etiyopya'da Su Yönetiminin Durumu: Sorunlar ve Çözüm Yaklaşımları

Su yönetimi, toplumun suya olan ihtiyacının ve suyun doğadaki mevcudiyetinin yarattığı sorunlara en uygun çözümler arayan bir alan olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kentleşme ve nüfusun hızla artması, özellikle Etiyopya gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde su kaynakları ile ilgili birçok sorunu beraberinde getirmiştir. Sonuç olarak, milyonlarca insanın içme suyuna ve gelişmiş sanitasyona erişememektedir. Bu çalışma, Etiyopya'daki asıl su sorunlarının su kıtlığından çok su kaynaklarının koordinasyondaki zayıflıklardan, yeterli yetkilendirilmiş kurumların eksikliğinden, hızlı nüfus artışından, teknik, finansal ve hidropolitik sorunlardan kaynaklanma olasılığının daha yüksek olduğunu bulmuştur. Ülkenin doğal kaynaklarının paylaşımı, sınıraşan su kaynaklarının tahsisi ve yönetimine ilişkin politikası, yukarı ve aşağı havza ülkeleri arasında büyük sorunlar yaratmaktadır. Bu çalışma, mevcut sorunları çözebilecek ve ülkenin sosyo-ekonomik kalkınmasını destekleyebilecek gelişmiş yönetim mekanizmaları ve uygun yaklaşımlar önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Etiyopya, Nil Nehri, Su Tahsisi, Su Yönetimi, Su Kaynakları

The State of Water Management in Ethiopia: Problems and Solution Approaches

Water management is considered to be a field that searches for optimal solutions to the problems posed by society's need for water and the availability of water in nature. Urbanization and rapid increase in population have brought many problems related to water resources, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. As a result, millions of people do not have access to potable water and improved sanitation. This study found that the main water problems in Ethiopia are more likely to result from weaknesses in coordination, lack of adequate authorized institutions, rapid population growth, technical, financial, and hydro political problems rather than water scarcity. The country's policy on sharing its natural resources, allocation, and management of transboundary water resources creates major problems between upstream and downstream countries. The study recommends advanced management mechanisms and appropriate approaches that can solve the existing problems and promote the socio-economic development of the country.

Keywords:

Ethiopia, Nile River, Water Allocation, Water Management, Water Resources,

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