Cem BOYACIOĞLU, Gülçin Pulat GÖKMEN, Nezih AYIRAN

Anthropocene idea in modern avant-garde architecture: A retrospective discussion on Wright and Fuller

The idea of nature is one of the main debates in social sciences since ecolog-ical problems are firstly discussed. Recently, theoricians in several majors claim a new geographical era named Anthropocene. It means there is no autonomous natural system left on Earth. In that perspective, the main idea behind sustainable architecture needs to be re-discussed. The aim of this article is to clarify the idea of nature in architecture before and after the new description of Anthropocene. To maintain this purpose, article uses modern avant-garde roots of architecture in the idea of nature with discussing the theoretical debates of Frank Lloyd Wright and Buckminster Fuller. The relationship between avant-garde architects’theories and designs could clarify the architectural point of view in the new possible An-thropocenic situation.

PDF

___

Anker, P. (2010). From bauhaus to ecohouse: a history of ecological design. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press.

Baldwin, J. (1997). BuckyWorks: buckminster fuller’s ideas for today. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Banham, R. (1969). The wilder-ness years of frank loyd wright. In M. Banham, P. Barker, S. Lyall & C. Price (Eds.), A critic writes: selected essays by reyner banham (pp. 137-141). Berke-ley, CA: University of California Press.

Castree, N. (2014a). The anthropo-cene and geography I: the back story. Geography Compass, 8(7), 436-449.

Castree, N. (2014b). The anthropo-cene and geography II: current con-tributions. Geography Compass, 8(7), 450-463.

Clark, N. (2010). Volatile worlds, vulnerable bodies: confronting abrupt climate change. Theory, Culture & Soci-ety, 27(2-3), 31-53.

Crutzen, P. & Stoermer, E. (2000). The anthropocene. Global Change Newsletter, 41, 17-18.

Davison, A. (2015). Beyond the mirror horizon: modern ontology and amodern possibilities in the anthro-pocene. Geographical Research, 53(3), 298-305.

Ellis, E. C. (2011). Anthropogenic transformation of the terrestrial bio-sphere. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 369, 1010-1035.

Engelman, R. (2012). Giriş. In E. Assadourian & M. Renner (Eds.), Dün-ya’nın durumu 2012: sürdürülebilir re-faha doğru. (Ayşe Başcı, Trans.), (pp. xxi-xxiv). İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları. (Original work pub-lished 2012).

Fuller, B. (1928). 4D time lock. Al-buquerque, NM: Biotechnic.

Fuller, B. (1964). Education automa-tion: comprehensive learning for emer-gent humanity. Zurich: Lars Müller Publishers.

Fuller, B. (1968). Operating man-ual for spaceship earth. Zurich: Lars Müller Publishers.

Fuller, B. (1970). Universal require-ments of a dwelling advantage: teleo-logic schedule. In J. Meller (Eds.), The buckminster fuller reader (pp. 245-253). Ann Arbor, MI: Cape.

Fuller, B. (1972). Utopia or oblivion: the prospects for humanity. Zurich: Lars Müller Publishers.

Gorman, M. (2005). Buckminister fuller: designing for mobility. Ann Ar-bor, MI: Skira.

Hall, P. (2002). Cities of tomorrow: an intellectual history of urban plan-ning and design in the twentieth cen-tury. West Sussex: Wiley.

Howard, E. (1902). Garden cities of to-morrow. London: Swan Sonnen-schein.

Latour, B. (2004). Politics of nature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (2014). Agency in the times of anthropocene. New Literary History, 45(1), 1-18.

Lind, C. (1994). Frank lloyd wright’s usonian houses. Washington, DC: Pomegranate Art Books.

McDonough, W. & Braungart, M. (2002). Cradle to cradle: remaking the way we make things. New York, NY: North Point Press.

Odum, E. & Barrett G. (1971). Fun-damentals of ecology. Philadephia, PA: Saunders.

Parr, A. (2009). Hijacking sustain-ability. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Pfeiffer, B. (2009). Frank lloyd wright 1943 – 1959: the complete works, P. Gössel (Ed.), Köln: Taschen.

Satler, G. (1999). The architecture of frank lloyd wright: a global view. Jour-nal of Architectural Education, 53(1), 15-24.

Steele, J. (2005). Ecological architec-ture: a critical history. London: Thames & Hudson.

Swyngedouw, E. (2006). Met-abolic urbanization: the making of cyborg cities. In N. Heynen, M. Kaika & E. Swyngedouw (Eds.), In the nature of cities: urban political ecology and the politics of urban me-tabolism (pp. 21-38). New York, NY: Routledge.

Szerszynski, B. (2012). The end of the end of the nature: the anthropo-cene and the fate of the human. Ox-ford Literary View, 34(2), 165-184.

World Commission on Environ-ment and Development. (1987). Our common future. Oxford: Ox-ford University Press.

Wines, J. (2000). Green architec-ture. P. Jodido (Ed.), Köln: Taschen.

Wright, F. L. (1908). In the cause of architecture. In F. Gutheim (Ed.), On architecture - selected writings 1894-1940 (1941). Duell, Sloan and Pearce.

Wright, F. L. (1930). The card-board house, In B. Pfeiffer (Ed.), Collected writings (1992). New

Zalasiewicz, J., Williams, M., Smith, A., Barry, T. L., Coe, A. L., Bown, P. R., ... & Gregory, F. J. (2008). Are we now living in the an-thropocene?. Gsa Today, 18(2), 4-8.

Zevi, B. (1950). Towards an or-ganic architecture. London: Faber & Faber.

Zizek, S. (2010). Living in the end times. New York, NY: Verso.