AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ SİSTEMİNDE KADINA KARŞI AİLE İÇİ ŞİDDET OLGUSU VE BUNUNLA MÜCADELE ARAÇLARI
Kadına karşı aile içi şiddet dünya çapında bir olgudur. Geleneksel olarak, bir insan haklarımeselesi olarak kabul edilmeyen kadına karşı aile içi şiddet, insan hakları aktivistlerinin,kadın hareketlerinin ve bu alanda çalışan akademisyenlerin gayretli çabaları sonucundaBM gündemine girmiştir. KKAOKK’nin 19 numaralı Genel Tavsiyesi ile kadına karşışiddet ilk kez toplumsal cinsiyet temelinde bir ayrımcılık biçimi olarak kabul edilmiş vekadına karşı şiddet hususunu açıkça düzenlemeyen KKAOKS sistemine entegre edilmiştir.Uluslararası insan hakları hukukunda toplumsal cinsiyet temelinde bir ayrımcılık biçimiolarak kabul edilen kadına karşı şiddet, ister özel ister kamusal alanda gerçekleşsin devletinbununla mücadele etme yükümlülüğü vardır. Due diligence standartlar olarak adlandırılanbu yükümlülükler uyarınca devlet sadece şiddet mağdurunu koruma, faili cezalandırmayükümlülüğü altında olmayıp şiddetin köklerini ve nedenlerini de ortadan kaldırma yükümlülüğüaltındadır. Kadına karşı aile içi şiddet, AİHM kararlarında uluslararası insanhakları hukuku arka planı çerçevesinde incelendiğinde, AİHM’in de bu şiddet biçimini AİHSile bağdaşmaz bulduğu ve Taraf Devletlerin bu hususta pozitif yükümlülükleri olduğunukabul ettiği görülmektedir. Kadına karşı aile içi şiddetle mücadelede kadının üç kuşakinsan hakları da dikkate alınarak bütüncül bir yaklaşım benimsenmelidir.
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN THE FAMILY WITHIN THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM AND THE TOOLS TO COMBAT THAT
Domestic violence against women is a worlwide phenomenon. Traditonaly, domestic violencewas recognised as a private matter rather than as a human rights issue. Through theefforts of the human rights activists, women’s movement and scholars, domestic violencewas put on the UN agenda. General Reccomendation No. 19 of the CEDAW has recogniseddomestic violence as a gender-based discrimination for the first time and entegratedit in the CEDAW system. Within the international human rights law, the State Parties areunder the obligation to combat domestic violence against women, which is recognisedas a gender-based discrimination, notwithstanding it occurs in private or public sphere.According to the due diligence standarts, States are obliged to protect the victims of thedomestic violence and to prosecute the perpetrators but also to eradicate the roots andcauses of the domestic violence as well. In the judgments of the ECtHR, domestic violencehas been found as a violation of the ECHR and it has been recognised that the State Partiesare under the positive obligations in this issue. Therefore, an integrated approach shouldbe adopted in order to eliminate domestic violence against women.
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