Sigara içiminin semen kalitesi üzerine etkisi
Amaç: Sigara içen infertil vakalar ile sigara içmeyen infertil vakaların semen parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması. Metod: En az bir yıldır infertil olan 224 (122 olgu sigara içen, 102 olgu sigara içmeyen) olgu çalışma grubuna dahil edildi. Her olgunun anamnezi alındı, fizik muayenesi yapıldı ve her olgudan yedi günlük aralarla iki kez semen analizi istendi. Semenin fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile birlikte morfolojik değerlendirmeside yapıldı. Bulgular: Sigara içenlerin ortalama sperm volümü, kontrol grubundan anlamlı ölçüde düşükdü (p
Effect of cigarette smoking on human semen quality
Objective: Semen parameters of infertile smokers were compared with semen parameters of infertile non-smokers. Materials and Methods: 224 men (122 smokers, 102 non smokers) with infertility for at least one year were evaluated. Evaluation included medical history, physical examination and two semen analyses taken seven days period. Physical, chemical and morphological features of semen was evaluated. Results: Mean semen volume and sperm number of smokers were significantly lower than non-smokers (p0.05). Conclusion: Fertilization capacity of males was not effected by cigarette smoking if the number of sperm and the morphology of sperm are normal enough. If these values are subnormal may be effected by cigarette smoking and may result with male infertility.
___
- 1. Langgasner, J. Rauchgew wohnheiten der österre-
ichischen Bevölkerung. Statistiche Nachrichten
1999;5:319-326
- 2. Shaban FS. Male Factor Infertility.lnfertility and
Reproductive Medicine Clinics of North America
1995;6:1:229
3. Kase GN. Male infertility. In: Speroff L, Glass RH,
Kase GN eds. Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology
and Infertility. 5th ed. Portland: Williams and
Wilkins co, 1994:873-896
4. Godfrey B.Sperm Morphology in Smokers.Lancet
1982,1:948-952
5. Sokal RZ. The diagnosis and treatment of male
infertility: Current Opinion in Obst. And
Gynecology 1995;7:177-181
6. Lewin A.,Gonem O.,Orvieto R. And Schenker, JG
- Effect of smoking on concentration, motility and
zona free hamster test on human sperm. Arch
- Androl 1991;27:51-54
- 7. Sofikitis N, Miyagawa I, Dimitriadis D, Zavos P,Sikka S. andnd Hellstrom W. Effects of smoking on testicular function, semen quality and sperm fertil¬izing capacity. J Urol 1995;154:1030-1034
- 8. Zineman, MJ.,Brown, CC, Selevan, SG. and
Clegg, ED. Semen quality and human fertility: a
prospective study with healthy couples. J Androl
2000;21:145-153
- 9. Vine, M.F. Smoking and male reproductions
review.lntj Androl 1996;19:323-337. :
10. Klaibr, EL., Broverman, DM., Pokoly, TB., Albert
AJ., Howard PJ., and Sherer, JF. Interrelationships of
cigarette smoking,testicular varicoceles, and seminal
fluid indexes. Fertil.Steril 1987;47:481-486
- 11. Saaranen M. Cigarette smoking and semen qual¬
ity in of reproductive age Andrologia 1987;19:670-677
12. Blaired DD, Wilcox AJ. Cigarette smoking asso¬
ciated with delayed conception. JAMA
1985;253:2979-2983
13. Hughes, EG. Cigarette smoking on the out¬
comes of in vitro fertilization: measurement of effect
size and levels of action. Fertil steril 1994;62:807-814
14. Klonoff-Cohen H, Natarjan L. Marrs R. Effects of
female and male smoking on success rates of IVF
and gamete intra Fallopion transfer Human
Reproduction 2001; 16: 1382-1390
- 15. Dikshit R, Buch J, Effect of tobacco consumption
on semen quality of a population of hypofertile
males.Fertil Steril 1987;48:334-336
16. Osser S. Semen quality of smoking and non
smoking men in infertile couples in a Swedish popu¬
lation. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1992;71:215-218
17. Chia SE, Ong CN. Effects of cigarette smoking
on human semen quality. Arch Androl 1994;33:163-168
18. Kolikauskas V.Cigarette smoking and its possi¬
ble effects on sperm. Fertil Steril 1985;44:526-531
19. Vogt HJ. Sperm quality of healty smokers, ex
smokers and never smokers. Fertil Steril
1986;45:106-110
20. Saaranen M. Human seminal plasma codmium
:comparison with fertility and smoking habits
- Andrologia 1989;21:140-145
21. Effendy I. Krause W. Environmental risk factors
in the history of malepatients of an infertility clin-
ic.Andrologia 1987; 19:262-265
22. Dunphy BC, BarratCL. Male cigarette smoking
and fecundity in couples attending an infertility clin-
ic.Andrologia 1991;23:223-225
23. Rodriguez-Rigau LS. Cigarette smoking and
semen quality. Fertil Steril 1982;38:115-116
24. Marshburn PB. Semen quality and association
with cöfee drinking, cigarette smoking and ethanol
consumption. Fertil Steril 1989;52:162-165
25. Hoidas S. Scoring sperm morphology from fertile and infertile cigarette smokers using the scaning electron microscope and image analysis. Fertil Steril
1985;43:595-598
26. Gerhard I, Frochlich E. Relationship of sperm
acrosin activity to semen and clinical parameters in
infertile patients. Andrologia 1989;21:146-154
27. Klaiber EL, Broverman DM, Dynamics of estra-
diol and testesteron and seminal fluid indexes in
smokers and non smokers. Fertil Steril 1988;50:630-
634
28. Klaiber EL, Broverman DM, Dalen SE. Serum
estradiol levels in male cigarette smokers. Am J Med
1984;77:858-862
29. Shaarawy M, Mahmoud KZ. Endocrine profile
and semen charecteristics in male smokers. Fertil
Steril. 1982;38:255-257