Van Gölü Kıyı Habitatlarında Notonecta viridis Delcourt, 1909 (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) ve Bazı Chironomidae (Diptera) Türlerinin Biyolojik Gösterge Değerleri

Van Gölü kıyı şeridinin habitatlarını tanımlamak için kıyı şeridi boyunca yaygınlıkla saptanan Notonecta viridis Delcourt, 1909 (Hemiptera: Notonectidae), Microchironomus deribae (Freeman, 1957), Halocladius fucicola (Edwards, 1926), Cricotopus spp. ve Chironomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) türlerinin hesaplanan biyolojik gösterge değerleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalar 2011 yılı Mayıs-Ekim ayları arasında bütün Van Gölü kıyı şeridinde yürütülmüştür. Örneklemelerde larva ve nimf yoğunluklarının yanı sıra suyun pH, sıcaklık, tuzluluk, Azot, Amonyum, Bakır, Demir, Klor, Mangan ve Potasyum değerleri ölçülmüştür. Örneklemelerde saptanan türler arasından M. deribae Van gölü için yeni kayıt olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analizlere göre Amonyum, Azot, Bakır, Klor, Mangan ve tuzluluğun bazı örnekleme istasyonlarında gösterge değerinin önemli olduğu ve türlerin popülasyon yoğunluklarını etkilediği saptanmıştır. Cricotopus spp. Altınsaç habitatının, M. deribae ve N. viridis ise Yolçatı habitatının göstergesi olarak bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Van gölü, Notonecta viridis, Microchironomus deribae, Halocladius fucicola, Biyolojik gösterge, Chironomidae, Van gölü

The Biological indicator values of Notonecta viridis Delcourt, 1909 (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) and Some Chironomidae (Diptera) Species in the Van Lake Shore Habitats

Biological indicator values of Notonecta viridis Delcourt, 1909 (Hemiptera: Notonectidae), Microchironomus deribae (Freeman, 1957), Halocladius fucicola (Edwards, 1926), Cricotopus spp. and Chironomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae), which are commonly detected along the coastline, were used to identify the habitats of the Lake Van shoreline. The studies were carried out between May-October 2011 on the entire Van Lake shoreline. The pH, temperature, salinity, Nitrogen, Ammonium, Copper, Iron, Chlorine, Manganese, Potassium values of the water were measured in the samples as well as larva and nymph densities. Among the species identified in the samples, M. deribae was considered as a new record for the Van Lake. According to the analysis, it was determined that the indicator values of Ammonium, Nitrogen, Copper, Chlorine, Manganese and salinity is important in some sampling stations and it has been determined that species affect population densities. Cricotopus spp was found to be a bioindicator of the Altınsaç habitat, whereas the M. deribae and N. viridis were found as the bioindicator of Yolçatı habitat.

Keywords:

Van Lake, Notonecta viridis, Chironomidae, Microchironomus deribae, Halocladius fucicola, Biological indicator, Van Lake,

PDF

___

Albrecht H (2003). Suitability of Arable Weeds as Indicator Organisms to Evaluate Species Conservation Effects of Management in Agricultural Ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 98: 201–211.
Andersen AN, Ludwig JA,. Lowe LM, Rentz DCF (2001). Grassopher Biodiversity and Bioindicators in Australian Tropical Savannas: Responses to Disturbance in Kakadu National Park. Austral Ecology, 26: 213-222.
Anonymous (2013). http://www.earth.google.com (Son Erişim: 10.01.2013).
Anonymous (2018a). Van Gölü. http://www.vankulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,88276/van-golu.html (Son Erişim: 23.07.2018).
Anonymous (2018b). Fauna Europea. https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/52ba94f4-ac30-498f-a5db-13c12ab32b33 (Son Erişim: 13.06.2018).
Anonymous (2018c). Genus Chironomus. https://bugguide.net/node/view/83349, (Son Erişim: 13.06.2018).
Balık S, Ustaoğlu MR, Sarı HM (1999a). Kuzey Ege Bölgesi’ndeki Akarsuların Faunası Üzerine İlk Gözlemler, E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 16 (3-4):289-299.
Balık S, Ustaoğlu MR, Özbek M, Taşdemir A, Yıldız S (1999b) İç Su Bentozu. Sulak Alanların Yönetimi Projesi Gediz Deltası Sulak Alan Yönetim Planı Alt projesi, Cilt II, Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, Bornova-İzmir
Basset Y, Mavoungou JF, Mikissa JB, Mıssa O, Miller SE, Kitching RL, Alanso A (2004). Discriminatory Power of Different Arthropod Data Sets for the Biological Monitoring of Anthropogenic Disturbance in Tropical Forests. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13: 709–732.
Baysal A, Akyol F, Harman H, Kutrup B (1994), Şana Deresi (Trabzon) Chironomidae (Diptera) Larvaları, E. Ü. Su .Ürünleri Derg., 11, 41, 37-42.
Berg CO (1950). Biology of certain Chironomidae reared fromPotamogeton . Eco!. Monogr. 20:83-101.
Blaustein L, Kotler, BP, Ward D (1995). Direct and indirect effects of a predatory backswimmer (Notonecta maculata) on community structure of desert temporary pools, Ecological Entomolgy, 20: 311-318.
Burns BA, Ryder DS (2001). Potential for Biofilm as Biological Indicators in Australian Riverine Systems. Ecological Management and Restoration. 2(1): 53-63.
Chesson J (1981). The role of alternative prey in control of mosquitoes by Notonecta, Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara.
Chesson J (1984). Effect on Notonectids (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae): predasyon or selective oviposition?, Environ.Entomol., 13: 531-538.
Cockrell BJ (1984). Effect of temperature and oxygenation an predator-prey overlap and prey choice of Notonecta glauca, jaurnal of Animal Ecology, 53:519-532.
Cranston PS (1982). A key to the larvae of the British Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae ). Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication No. 45, 152 pp.
Eggermont H, Heiri O, Verschuren D (2006). Fossil Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) as quantitative indicators of past salinity in African lakes, Quaternary Science Reviews, 25: 1966-1994.
French BW, Elliott NC (1999). Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in Riparian Strips and Adjacent Wheat Fields. Environ. Entomol., 28(4): 597-607.
Gerend R (2010). Notonecta viridis Delcourt, 1909, a waterbug new to Luxembourg, with additional records of Notonecta maculata Fabricius, 1794 (Insecta, Heteroptera). Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 111: 117-119.
Grove SJ, Bashford R (2003). Beetle Assemblages from the Warra Logdecay Project: Insights from the First Year of Sampling. Tasforests, 14: 117- 130.
Gustafsson L (2000). Indicators and assessment of biodiversity from a Swedish forestry Perspective. Skogforsk. Report No. 1, 2000.
Hansen J, Sato MKI, Ruedy R, Lacis A, Oinas V, (2000). Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 97, 9875-9880.
Hartley SE, Gardner SM, Mitchell RJ (2003). Indirect Effects of Grazing and Nutrient Addition on the Hemipteran Community of Heather Moorlands. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40: 793-803.
Hermy M, Cornelis J (2000). Towards a monitoring method and a number of multifaceted and hierarchical biodiversity indicators for urban and suburban parks. Landscape Urban Plan. 49, 149–162.
Hirvenoja M (1973). Revision der Gattung Cricotopus van der Wulp und ihrer Verwandten (Diptera, Chironomi- dae). Ann. Zool. Fennici 10: 1–363.
Hogg ID, Eadie JM, Williams DD, Turner D (2001). Evaluating Fluctuating Asymmetry in a Steam-Dwelling Insect as an Indicator of Low- Level Thermal Stress: A Large-Scale Field Experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 38: 1326-1339.
Humphrey JWC, Hawesb AJ, Peace R, Ferris-Kaan MR, Jukes (1999). Relationships between insect diversity and habitat characteristics in plantation forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 113: 11-21.
Jeanneret PH, Schüpbach B, Luka H (2003). Quantifying the Impact of Landscape and Habitat Features on Biodiversity in Cultivated Landscapes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 98: 311–320.
Kangasniemi BJ (1983). Observations on herbivorous insects that feed on Myriophyllum spicatum in British Columbia. In Lake Restoration, Protection and Management, ed. 1. Taggart, pp. 2 14--1 8. Washington, DC: US Environ. Prot. Agency.
Kangasniemi BJ, Oliver DR (1983). Chironomidae (Diptera) associated with Myriophyllum spicatum in Okanagan valley lakes, British Columbia. Can. Entomol. 1 1 5: 1 545-46
Kazancı N, Girgin S, Dügel M, Oğuzkurt D (1997). Akarsuların Çevre Kalitesi Yönünden Değerlendirilmesinde ve İzlenmesinde Biotik İndex Yontemi, Ankara. 100s.
Kerr JT, Sugar A, Packer L (2000). Indicator Taxa, Rapid Biodiversity Assessment and Nestedness in an Endangered Ecosystem. Conservation Biology, 14(6): 1726-1734.
Khaghaninia S, Askari O, Farshbaf Pour-Abad R, Shahim K (2010) Some additional notes about Heteroptera fauna of Qaradag forests-Iran. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 5 (2), 513–518.
Krebs BPM (1979). Microchironomus deribae (freeman, 1957) (Diptera, Chironomidae) in the Delta region of The Netherlands. Hydrobiological Bulletin, 13: 144-151.
Laville H, Tourenq JN (1967). Contribution a la connaissance de trois Chironomides de Camargue et des marismas du Guadalquivir. Annls. Limnol. 3(1): 185-204.
Marc P, Canard A, Ysnel F (1999). Spiders (Araneae) Useful for Pest Limitation and Bioindication. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 74: 229–273.
Mccune B, Medford MJ (1999). Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Version 4.10. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.
Murdoch WW, Scott MA, Ebsworth P (1984) Effects of the general predator, Notonecta ( Hemiptera ) upon a freshwater community, Journal of Animal Ecology, 53: 791-808.
Özgökçe MS, Karaca İ, Atlihan R, Kasap İ, Özgökçe F, Yıldız polat Ş, Polat E, Şengör M, (2007). Van Gölü Sahil Şeridinde Sucul ve Karasal Böcek Faunası ve Bitkisel Floranın Saptanması, Farklı Bölgelerde Göl Kirliliğinin İndikatör Türler Yardımıyla Belirlenmesi. Tubitak Kesin Rapor, YDABG, 102Y089, 136 s.
Özkan N (2006). The Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) Fauna of Bozcaada (Tenedos). G.U. Journal of Science 19(1): 57-67.
Pepin DM, Hauer FR (2002). Benthic Responses to Groundwater-Surface Water Exchange in 2 Alluvial Rivers in Northwestern Montana. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 21(3): 370–383.
Perner J (2003). Sample Size and Quality of Indication: A Case Study Using Ground-Dwelling Arthropods as Indicators in Agricultural Ecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 98: 125-132.
Pfeiffer M, Chimedregzen L, Ulykpan K (2003) Community Organization and Species Richness of Ants (Hymenoptera/Formicidae) in Mongolia Along an Ecological Gradient from Steppe to Gobi desert. Journal of Biogeography, 30: 1921-1935.
Poisson R (1957). Hétéroptères aquatiques. Faune de France, Paris, 61: 263 pp.
Protic L, Zivic N (2012). Water bugs (Heteroptera) in the catchment area of river Sitnica (Serbia). Acta entomologica serbica, 2012, 17(1/2): 29-37
Rösch, M, Chown SL, Mcgeoch MA (2001). Testing a Bioindicator Assemblage: Gall-Inhabiting Moths and Urbanization. African Entomolgy, 9(1), 85-94.
Ruf A, Beck L, Dreher P, Hund-Rinke K, Römbke J, Spelda J (2003). Biological Classification Concept for the Assessment of Soil Quality: “Biological Soil Classification Scheme” (BBSK). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 98: 263–271.
Savage AA (1989). Adults of the British Aquatic Hemiptera Heteroptera. A key with ecological notes. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside, Cumbria, 1-173.
Scott MA, Murdoch WW (1983). Selective predation by the backswimmer, Notonecta, Limnol.Oceanogr., 28 (2): 352-366.
Simon J, Grove SJ (2002). Tree Basal Area and Dead Wood as Surrogate Indicators of Saproxylic Insect Faunal Integrity: A Case Study from the Australian Lowland Tropics. Ecological Indicators, 1: 171-188.
Sjogren RD, Legner EF (1989). Survival of the mosquito predator, Notonecta unifasciate (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) embryos at low thermal gradients. Entomophaga, 34(2): 201-208.
Soberon J, Rodriquez P, Dominguez EV (2000). Implications of the Hierarchical Structure of Biodiversity for the Development of Ecological Indicators of Sustainable Use. Ambio, 29(3): 136-142.
Şahin Y (1984). Doğu ve Güney Doğu Anadolu bölgesi akarsu ve göllerindeki Chironomidae {Diptera} larvalarının teşhisi dağılışı, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi, Ss: 145.
Şahin Y (1991). Türkiye Chironomidae Potamofaunası., TÜBİTAK, TBAG-869 nolu proje, 88 s.
Taşdemir A (2003). Göller Bölgesi (İç sularının Chironomidae ve Chaoboridae (Diptera) Faunasının Taksonomik ve Ekolojik İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, İzmir.
Ter Braak CJF, Smilauer P (2002). Canoco Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User’s Guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4.5). Microcomputer Power (Ithaca, NY, USA), 500 p.
Tingley MW, Orwig D A, Field R, Motzkin G (2002). Avian response to removal of a forest dominant: consequences of hemlock woolly adelgid infestations. Journal of Biogeography, 29: 1505-1516.
Ustaoğlu MR, Balık S, Sarı HM, Şipal U, Mis DÖ, Özbek M, Aygen C, Taşdemir A (2000). Toroslar Üzerindeki Bazı Dağ Göllerinin Limnolojik ve Balıkçılık Yönünden Araştırılması. E.Ü. Araştırma Fonu Proje Raporu. E.Ü. Su Ürünleri Fak. Temel. Bilimler Böl. İzmir.
Ustaoğlu, MR, Balık S, Taşdemir A (2002) Gümüldür Deresi (İzmir)’nin Chironomidae Faunası. XVI. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi , 04-07 Eylül, Malatya.
Verschuren D, Tibby J, Leavitt PR, Roberts CN (1999). The environmental history of a climate-sensitive lake in the former 'White Highlands' of central Kenya, Ambio, 28: 494-501.
Verschuren D (2000). Freeze coring soft sediments in tropical lakes, Journal of Paleolimnology, 24:361-365.
Wachmann E, Melber A, Deckert J (2006): Wanzen. Band 1. Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha (Teil 1). Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. 77. Teil. Goecke & Evers, Keltern, 264 pp.