Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities for Participatory Water Management in Turkey

Su, hemen hemen tüm dünyada yönetimi en zor doğal kaynaklardan biridir. Nüfus artışı, tüketime dayalı yaşam biçimleri, artan enerji ihtiyaçları, ekonomik ve çevresel politika ve uygulamalar ile küresel ısınma, Dünya üzerinde eşit dağılmamış olan, su kaynakları üzerindeki baskıyı her geçen gün artırmaktadır. Bu süreçte, suyun farklı paydaşları, çatışan çıkar ve taleplerine bağlı olarak birbirleriyle karşı karşıya gelmekte ve anlaşmazlıklar yaşamaktadır. Su kaynaklı pek çok sorunun ve çatışmanın yukarıdan-aşağı yönetim yaklaşımlarından kaynaklandığı geniş kabul görmüştür ve buna bağlı olarak, ilgi gruplarının aktif katılımına olanak veren, katılımcı kolaboratif yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ulusal kalkınma çabaları kapsamında, su kaynaklarıla ilgili yukardan-aşağı yönetim uygulamaları ve neden olduğu anlaşmazlıklar 1950'li yıllardan bu yana Türkiye'de de yaşanmaktadır ve anlaşmazlıklar 2000'li yılların başından itibaren önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Diğer taraftan su ile ilgili yasal- yönetsel yapıda, son 10 yılda, Avrupa Birliği Su Çerçeve Direktifi'ne uyum çalışmaları ile bağlantılı olarak, havza bazında yönetimi ve ilgi grubu katılımını vurgulayan değişiklikler ve düzenlemeler olmuştur. Makalenin amacı, bu süreçte su yönetimini doğrudan etkileyen, yasal-yönetsel düzenlemeler ve ulusal politikalar kapsamında, Türkiye'de suyun yönetiminde katılımcılığın mevcut durumunu ve ilgili olanakları belirlemek ve değerlendirmektir. Belirlenen mevcut durum, katılımcılığın farklı düzey ve formları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye'de su yönetiminde aktif katılımın gelişmesi için üç düzeyde ve kapsamda kolaborasyon önerilmiştir.

Türkiye'de Katılımcı Su Yönetimi için Zorlukların ve Fırsatların İncelenmesi

Water is among the most challenging natural resources to manage, in almost all over the world. Population increase, consumption-based life styles, increasing energy needs, economic and environmental policies and implementations, and global warming have been increasing day by day the pressure on water resources, which are not distributed evenly on Earth. Throughout this process, different stakeholders of water confront each other and have disagreements because of their conflicting interests and demands. It is widely accepted that most of the water related problems and conflicts arise from the top-down management approaches and therefore, participatory-collaborative-approaches which allow active participation of stakeholders are needed. According to the national development efforts, top-down management applications and related conflicts on water resources are also the case in Turkey since 1950s and these have increased dramatically from the beginning of the 2000s. On the other hand, linked to the harmonization with the European Union's Water Framework Directive, there have been legaladministrative revisions related to water management in Turkey for the last ten years, which emphasize basin-based management and stakeholder participation. The purpose of this article is to identify and evaluate the current state of and opportunities for participation in water management in Turkey, within the scope of the national political and legal-administrative framework affecting the management of water directly, which has been revised during the last ten years. Then, current state is discussed in respect with different rungs and forms of participation. In conclusion, collaboration in three levels and contexts is proposed for the development of active participation in water management in Turkey.

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