İklim Göçü ve İklim Mülteciliği Kavramlarına İnsan Hakları Temelli Sosyolojik Bir Bakış

Bu çalışma kapsamında iklim değişikliği ekseninde iklim göçü ve iklim mülteciliği kavramları ele alınmaktadır. Henüz kurumsal düzenlemelerin nesnesi olmayan bu iki kavram teorik tartışmalarda kavramsal sınırların belirlenmesi, nedensellik mekanizmalarının açıklanması ve yasal çerçeveye nasıl oturtulacağı konularında değerlendirilmektedir. 1980 sonrasında iklim değişikliğine dair yayınlanan raporlar meselenin gündeme gelmesinde etkili olurken, The International Displacement Monitoring Centre gibi merkezlerin yayınladığı veriler çevresel koşullar nedeniyle göç eden insan sayısının her geçen gün arttığını göstermektedir. Bir adaptasyon stratejisi olarak değerlendirilebilecek iklim göçünün, farklı göç türlerinin bir arada görülebileceği bir araştırma alanı olarak kavramsal sınırlarının belirlenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, literatür değerlendirmesi olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışmada kavramların netleştirilmesi, iklim değişikliği ve göç arasındaki nedensel ilişkilerin tartışılması, iklim mülteciliğinin hukuki çerçevedeki konumunun anlaşılması ile bunun insan hakları bağlamında temellendirilmesi ve toplumsal bir süreç olarak kapitalizm ile iklim değişikliği arasındaki bağlantının kurulması amaçlanmaktadır. İklim değişikliği ve göç arasındaki ilişkiye dair toplumsal, ekonomik ve siyasi mekanizmaların kesişimselliğinin ortaya konulduğu, iklim mülteciliğinin yalnızca deniz seviyesinin yükselmesi nedeniyle sular altında kalacak ada ülkelerinin sorunu olmadığı, aynı zamanda bunun mevcut üretim ve tüketim yapısından kaynaklandığını irdeleyen sosyolojik tartışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu savından hareketle, bu çalışmanın literatürdeki bu boşluğu dolduracağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İklim göçü, iklim mülteciliği, iklim değişikliği, kapitalizm, insan hakları

Human Rights Based Sociological Perspective To The Conceptions Of Climate Migration and Climate Refugee

Within the scope of this study, the concepts of climate migration and climate refugee are discussed in the context of climate change. These two concepts, which are not yet the object of institutional arrangements, are evaluated in theoretical discussions on the determination of conceptual boundaries, the explanation of causality mechanisms and how they will be placed in the legal framework. While the reports published on climate change after 1980 were effective in bringing the issue to the agenda, the data published by centers such as The International Displacement Monitoring Center show that the number of people who migrated due to environmental conditions are increasing day by day. As a research area in which different types of migration are examined together, climate migration considered as an adaptation strategy needs to be defined its conceptual boundaries. In this context, it is aimed to clarify the concepts, to discuss the causal relationships between climate change and migration, to understand the position of climate refugee in the legal framework and to justify it in the context of human rights, and to establish the connection between capitalism and climate change as a social process. This study is thought to fill the void in literature based on the argument that there is a need for sociological discussions examining the intersectionality of social, economic, and political mechanisms related to the relationship between climate change and migration is revealed, climate refugee is not only a problem of island countries that will be flooded due to sea level rise, but also it originates from current production and consumption structure.

Keywords:

İklim göçü, iklim mülteciliği, iklim değişikliği, kapitalizm, insan hakları,

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