Aile Aidiyetine Çok Yönlü Bakış
Bu araştırmada aile aidiyetinin tanımlanmasına, aidiyet kavramının ilişkili olduğu bağlamlar ve kuramlara ilişkin açıklamalara ve örneklere yer ver verilmiştir. Bu araştırmada aile aidiyetine çok yönlü bir bakış açısı sağlanması amaçlandığı için kuramsal araştırmalar derinlemesine incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın yöntemini nitel araştırma yöntemleri arasında yer alan doküman inceleme araştırması oluşturmaktadır. Aile aidiyetinde aile üyeleri arasındaki kişilerarası ilişkilerin ötesinde bütünsel karşılıklı etkileşime ve kişinin kendisini, içsel huzur gibi duygularını ifade edebildiği aile kavramına vurgu yapılmaktadır. Aile aidiyetinin tanımlanmasında ve kavramsallaştırılmasında etkili olan kuramlar arasında insancıl kuramlar ile pozitif psikolojiye işaret eden psikolojik iyi oluşa vurgu yapan kuramlar ve aile bütünselliğine, kişilerarası ilişkilere vurgu yapan sistemik aile terapisi kuramı gibi kuramlar yer almaktadır. Aile aidiyetine etki eden unsurlara bakıldığında ise aile içi paylaşımlar ve aile içinde anlam yüklenen değerler, sosyo-kültürel durumlar ve ilişkilerde rolleri dengeli sürdürme gibi durumlar öne çıkmaktadır. Bu unsurlar aynı zamanda aile aidiyetinin sağlanması ve sürdürülmesinde anahtar niteliği taşıyan unsurlar olabilmektedir. Sonuç olarak aile aidiyetinin tek boyutla ele alınabilecek bir kavram olmadığı, çeşitli kuramlar ve aile aidiyetinin ilişkili olduğu unsurlar ile bağlamlar açısından değerlendirilmesinin anlamlı olduğu söylenebilir.
A Multidirectional Perspective to Family Belonging
In this study, the definition of the family belonging and the explanations, examples, contexts and theories related to the concept of belonging are given. The theoretical researches were examined in depth, as it was aimed to provide a multidimensional perspective on family belonging. The method of this study is the document review research, which is among the qualitative research methods. Beyond the interpersonal relations between family members, holistic mutual interaction and the concept of family that the person can express himself and his feelings such as inner peace are emphasized in family belonging. In terms of the theories that are effective in defining and conceptualizing family belonging are humanistic theories and theories that point out positive psychology, which emphasizes psychological well-being, and theories such as systemic family therapy theory that emphasizes family integrity and interpersonal relationships. When the factors affecting family belonging are examined, situations such as sharing within the family and meaning-laden values within the family, socio-cultural situations and maintaining a balanced role in relationships come to the fore. These elements can also be key elements in ensuring and maintaining family belonging. As a result, it can be said that family belonging is not a concept that can be dealt with in one dimension, and it is meaningful to evaluate it in terms of various theories and related elements and contexts.
___
- Acquah, A., Nsiah, T. K., Antie, E. N. A., & Otoo, B. (2021). Literature review on theories motivation. International Journal of Economic and Business Review, 9(5), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2012
- Afroz, S., & Tiwari, P. S. N. (2021). Importance of belongingness in healthy youth development. Scholars Journal
of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 9(6), 225-230. https://doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2021.v09i06.004
- Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1969). Object relations, dependency, and attachment: a theoretical review of the infant-
mother relationship. Child Development, 40(4), 969-1025.
- Alderfer, C. (1969). An empirical test of a new theory of human needs. Organizational Behavior and Human
Performance, 4, 142-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90004-X
- Alderfer, C. P. (1989). Theories reflecting my personal experience and life development. The Journal of
Applied Behavioral Science, 25(4), 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1177/002188638902500404
- Amato, P. R., & Kane, J. B. (2011). Parents’ marital distress, divorce, and remarriage: Links with daughters’ early
family formation transitions. Journal of Family Issues, 32(8), 1073-1103.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X11404363
- Anant, S. S. (1967). Belongingness and mental health: Some research findings. Acta Psychologica, 26, 391-396.
- Arslan, K., Şahin, H. ve Erkal, S. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin aile aidiyetinin aile içi şiddete ilişkin görüşlerine
ve bireysel özelliklerine göre karşılaştırılması. Researcher Social Science Studies, 7(1), 168-180.
- Asen, E., & Jones, E. (2001). Systemic couple therapy and depression. London, GBR: Kamac Books.
- Aslantürk, H., & Mavili, A. (2020). The sense of family belonging in university students from a single parent
family compared with those from a two-biological-parent family. Current Psychology, 39, 2026-2039.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00725-0
- Baskin, T. W., Quintana, S. M., & Slaten, C. D. (2014). Family belongingness, gang friendships, and psychological
distress in adolescent achievement. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(4), 398-405.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00166.x
- Becvar, D. S., & Becvar R. J., (1998). Systems theory and family therapy. Austin, TX: University Press of America.
- Belenardo, S. J. (2001). Practices and Conditions that Lead to a Sense of Community in Middle Schools. NASSP
Bulletin, 85(627), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/019263650108562704
- Belle, S. M., Burley, D. L., & Long, S. D. (2015). Where do I belong? High-intensity teleworkers’ experience of
organizational belonging. Human Resource Development International, 18(1), 76-96.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2014.979006
- Branscombe, N. R., & Wann, D. (1991). The positive social and self concept consequences of sports team
identification. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 15(2), 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372359101500202
- Broderick, C. B. (1993). Understanding family process: Basics of family systems theory. Sage Publishing.
- Brown, S. L., & Manning, W. D. (2009). Family boundary ambiguity and the measurement of family structure:
The significance of cohabitation. Demography, 46(1), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.0.0043
- Buehler, C. (2020). Family processes and children’s and adolescents’ well-being. Journal of Marriage and
Family, 82, 145-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12637
- Cavanagh, S. E. (2008). Family structure history and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Family Issues, 29(7),
944-980. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X07311232
- Chaudhury, H., & Oswald, F. (2019). Advancing understanding of person-environment interaction in later life:
One step further. Journal of aging studies, 51, 100821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2019.100821
- Costello, M. A., Nagel, A. G., Hunt, G. L., & Allen, J. P. (2022). Randomized evaluation of an intervention to
enhance a sense of belongingness among entering college students. College Student Affairs Journal, 40(1),
63-76. https://doi.org/10.1353/csj.2022.0002
- Covarrubias, R., Valle, I., Laiduc, G., & Azmitia, M. (2019). “You never become fully independent”: Family roles
and independence in first-generation college students. Journal of Adolescent Research, 34(4), 381-410.
https://doi.org/10.1177/07435584187884
- Crosnoe, R., & Elder, G. H. (2004). Family dynamics, supportive relationships, and educational resilience
during adolescence. Journal of Family Issues, 25(5), 571-602. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03258307
- Çamur Duyan, G. (2003). Aile yaşam döngüsü ve gelişimsel farklılıklar. Toplumsal ve Sosyal Hizmet, 14(2), 33-
41.
- Dilekçigil, F. B. (2012). Aileye dair kabullerin ezber bozumu. Muhafazar Düşünce Dergisi, 8(31), 21-52.
- Duncan, T. E., Duncan, S. C., & Hops, H. (1994). The effects of family cohesiveness and peer encouragement on
the development of adolescent alcohol use: A cohort-sequential approach to the analysis of longitudinal
data. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55(5), 588-599. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1994.55.588
- Fenster, T. (2005). Gender and the city: The different formations of belonging. In L. Nelson, & J. Seager (Eds.), A
companion to feminist geography (pp. 242-257). Malden: Blackwell.
- Fraley, C. (2002). Attachment stability from infancy to adulthood: Meta-analysis and dynamic modeling of
developmental mechanisms. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 123-151.
https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_03
- Gao, X., Sun, F., Marsiglia, F. F., & Dong, X. (2019). Elder mistreatment among older Chinese Americans: The role
of family cohesion. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 88(3), 266-285.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415018773499
- Gatt, G., & Jiang, L. (2021). Can different types of non-territorial working satisfy employees’ needs for
autonomy and belongingness? Insights from self-determination theory. Environment and Behavior, 53(9),
953-986. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916520942603
- Goodenow, C. (1992). Strengthening the links between educational psychology and the study of social
contexts. Educational Psychologist, 27(2), 177-196. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep2702_4
- Goodman, M. L., Gibson, D. C., Kesier, P. H., Gitari, S., & Raimer-Goodman, L. (2019). Family, belonging and
meaning in life among semi-rural Kenyans. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 1627-1645.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0017-9
- Gottlieb, B. H., & Bergen, A. E. (2010). Social support concepts and measures. Journal of Psychosomatic
Research, 69(5), 511-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.10.001
- Gök, E., & Kocayörük, E. (2019). Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar, aile aidiyeti ve ebeveyn algısı değişkenlerinin öznel
iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi. Aile Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 2(2), 21-51.
- Gurman, A. S., & Kniskern, D. P. (1981). Handbook of family therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publishers.
- Hagerty, B. M., Williams, R. A., Coyne, J. C., & Early, M. R. (1996). Sense of belonging and indicators of social and
psychological functioning. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(4), 235-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-
9417(96)80029-X
- Hallers-Haalboom, E. T., Groeneveld, M. G., van Berkel, S. R., Endendijk, J. J., van der Pol, L. D., Linting, M., …, &
Mesman, J. (2017). Mothers' and fathers' sensitivity with their two children: A longitudinal study from infancy
to early childhood. Developmental Psychology, 53(5), 860-872. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000293
- Hill, D. L. (2006). Sense of belonging as connectedness, American Indian worldview, and mental health.
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 20(5), 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2006.04.003
- Jackson, C. A. (1999). The high school counselor and the “Fully Functioning Person”. In H. J. Freiberg (Ed.),
Perceiving behaving becoming lessons learned (pp. 68-70). Alexandria, USA: Association for Supervision and
Curriculum Development (ASCD).
- Kang, S., Jeon, H., Kwon, S., & Park, S. (2015). Parental attachment as a mediator between parental social
support and self-esteem as perceived by korean sports middle and high school athletes. Perceptual and
Motor Skills, 120(1), 288-303. https://doi.org/10.2466/10.PMS.120v11x6
- Karakeçili, E. (2015). Aidiyet meselesi bağlamında bedenin mekânsızlığı [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi],
Gazi Üniversitesi. Küşeli yap
- Kelley, P. (1994). Integrating systemic and postsystemic approaches to social work practice with refugee
families. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 75(9), 541-549.
https://doi.org/10.1177/104438949407500902
- Kır, İ. (2011). Toplumsal bir kurum olarak ailenin işlevleri. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(36), 381-404.
- King, V., & Boyd, L. M. (2016). Factors associated with perceptions of family belonging among adolescents.
Journal of Marriage and Family, 78(4), 1114-1130. https://doi:10.1111/jomf.12322
- King, V., Boyd, L. M., & Thorsen, M. L. (2015). Adolescents’ perceptions of family belonging in stepfamilies.
Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(3), 761-774. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12181
- Kiremitçi, S. (2020). Lise öğrencilerinde aile aidiyeti ve şiddet eğilimi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
[Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Selçuk Üniversitesi
- Kral, M. J., & Idlout, L. (2012). It’s all in the family: Wellbeing among inuit in Arctic Canada. In H. Selin, & G. Davey
(Eds.), Happiness across cultures. Views of happiness and quality of life in Non-Western Cultures (pp. 387-
398). London, New York: Springer.
- Kumkale, T. T. (2006). Türk insan mühendisliği (Türkleri motive etmek). Pegasus Yayınları.
- Leake, V. S. (2005). Steps between, steps within: Adolescents and stepfamily belonging. Retrieved from
ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, (Publication No. 3231196).
- Leake, V. S. (2007). Personal, familial, and systemic factors associated with family belonging for stepfamily
adolescents. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 47(1-2), 135-155. https://doi.org/10.1300/J087v47n01_08
- Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (Rev. Ed.). New York: Harper and Row.
- Mavili, A., Kesen, N. F., & Daşbaş, S. (2014). Aile Aidiyeti Ölçeği: Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Sosyal Politika
Çalışmaları Dergisi, 0(33), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.19507
- McCarthy, J. R. (2012). The powerful relational language of ‘family’: Togetherness, belonging and personhood.
The Sociological Review, 60(1), 68-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.02045.x
- McClay, M. M., Brausch, A. M., & O'Connor, S. S. (2020). Social support mediates the association between
disclosure of suicide attempt and depression, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness.
Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 50(4), 884-898. https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12622
- Topçuoğlu, A., & Myradov, D. (2021). Türk aile yapısında aile içi iletişim doyumu ve aile aidiyetinin incelenmesi
(Malatya örneği). International Academic Social Resources Journal, 6(27), 1177-1190.
https://doi.org/10.31569/ASRJOURNAL.278
- Olson, D. H., Sprenkle, D. H., & Russell, C. S. (1979). Circumplex model of marital and family systems: I. Cohesion
and adaptability dimensions, family types, and clinical applications. Family Process, 18(1), 3-28.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1979.00003.x
- Özer, A. (2015). Göç ve aidiyet bağlamında Bulgaristan göçmenlerinde kimliğin yeniden inşası: Mersin örneği
[Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi], Mersin Üniversitesi
- Özoğul, R. (2020). Öğretmenlerde aile aidiyeti ile depresyon, anksiyete ve stres ilişkisi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek
lisans tezi], İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi.
- Ploskonka, R. A., & Servaty-Seib, H. L. (2015). Belongingness and suicidal ideation in college students. Journal
of American college health, 63(2), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2014.983928
- Rejaän, Z., van der Valk, I. E., & Branje, S. (2021). The role of sense of belonging and family structure in
adolescent adjustment. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 32(4), 1354-1368.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12694
- Rogers, C. R. (1951). Perceptual reorganization in client-centered therapy. In R. R. Blake, & G. V. Ramsey (Eds.),
Perception: An approach to personality (pp. 307-327). Ronald Press Company. https://doi.org/10.1037/11505-
011
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social
development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
- Saki, Ü. (2018). Üniversite öğrencilerinin aile aidiyet düzeylerinin spor ve farklı değişkenler açısından
incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Atatürk Üniversitesi.
- Schofield, G. (2002). The significance of a secure base: a psychosocial model of long‐term foster care. Child
& Family Social Work, 7(4), 259-272. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2206.2002.00254.x
- Sedgwick, M. G., & Yonge, O. (2008). 'We're it','we're a team','we're family'means a sense of belonging. Rural
and Remote Health, 8(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH1021
- Shah, S., Choi, M., Miller, M., Halgunseth, L. C., van Schaik, S. D., & Brenick, A. (2021). Family cohesion and school
belongingness: Protective factors for immigrant youth against bias‐based bullying. New Directions for Child
and Adolescent Development, 2021(177), 199-217. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20410
- Slaten, C. D., Rose, C. A., Bonifay, W., & Ferguson, J. K. (2019). The Milwaukee Youth Belongingness Scale (MYBS):
Development and validation of the scale utilizing item response theory. School psychology, 34(3), 296.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072713487857
- Stratton, P (2016). The evidence base of family therapy and systemic practice. Association for Family
Therapy, UK.
- Stone, K. J., Poquiz, J. L., Fite, P. J., & Pederson, C. A. (2022). Family belonging and internalizing symptoms
among youth involved with the juvenile justice system. Youth Justice, 1-16.
https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254221096554
- Şişmanlar, Ş. G., Dursun, Y., Ünverdi, G., Olgun, N. N., & Coşkun, A. (2022). Factors associated with family
belongingness in children under legally required health care. Arch Neuropsychiatry, 59, 303-308.
- Xie, W., Chen, W. W., & Zhang, L. (2021). The effect of square dance on family cohesion and subjective well-
being of middle-aged and empty-nest women in China. Health Care for Women International, 42(1), 43-57.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1797041
- Yeter, S. İ. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin mutluluk düzeylerinin aile aidiyeti ve manevi yönelimlere göre
yordanması [Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Marmara Üniversitesi
- Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
- Yıldız, A. (2022). Bir araştırma metodolojisi olarak sistematik literatür taramasına genel bakış. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı 2), 367-386.
- Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Belonging and the politics of belonging. Patterns of Prejudice, 40(3), 197-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313220600769331