Salda Gölünün Jeomikrobiyolojisi ve Güncel Stromatolit Oluşumunda Mikrobiyal Etkiler / Geomicrobiology of Lake Salda and Microbial Influences on Present-Day Stromatolite Formation.

Türkiye’nin güneybatısında Göller Yöresinde yer alan Salda Gölü, ofiyolitik kayaçlar üzerinde gelişen kapalı sistem aşırı alkali bir göldür. İlk defa bu çalışmayla Salda Gölü’nün jeomikrobiyolojisi araştırılarak, göldeki güncel stromatolit oluşumlarına etkisi moleküler ekolojik, mikrobiyolojik ve jeokimyasal bilim dallarını içeren multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir. Yeni nesil sekanslama (NSG) sonuçları Salda Göl’ü prokaryotik popülasyonunun % 97.3’nün bakteri domainine; % 2.7’sinin ise arkea domainine ait olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Dominant bakteri sınıfları Gammaprotobacteria (%39.6), Alphaprotobacteria (%25.6), Bacilli (%23.7), Siyanobakteri (%5.3) ve Betaproteobacteria (%2.0), Actinobacteria (% 1.77); arkea sınıfları ise Methanobacteria (%76.1), Halobacteria (%21.4) ve Thaumarchaeota (%1.4) olarak belirlenmiştir. Güncel stromatolit dokusu üzerinde yapılan mikroskop çalışmaları, hidromanyezit çökellerinin siyanobakteri ve halobacteria sınıfına ait hücre dışı organik maddelerle ( EPS-eksopolimerik organik maddeler) ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu veriler, güncel stromatolitlerin oluşumunda fototrofik–heterotrofik simbiyotik bir ilişkiyi önermektedir. Fosil stromatolitler üzerinde ilk defa yapılan petrografik incelemeler, canlı izleri olan filamentlere işaret etmektedir. Tüm veriler birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, stromatolitlerin biyolojik-kimyasal ve fiziksel bir dizi karışık biyojeokimyasal reaksiyonlar sonucu oluştuğu, stromatolitlerin oluşumunda bakterilerin çekirdeklenme yüzeyi ve çökelim hızı gibi kinetik faktörleri kontrol ettiği ancak bu yapıların oluşumunda termodinamik faktörleri (alkalinite, pH) etkilemediği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler stromatolitlerin mineralojisi ve oluşum lokasyonlarının su-kayaç denetimi altında bulunan göl su kimyası tarafından denetlendiğini önermektedir. Salda Göl’ünde yapılan bu çalışma ile güncel ve fosil stromatolit oluşumlarının jeolojik kayıtlardaki yaşam izlerinin tayin edilmesinde önemli veriler sağlayabileceği ortaya konmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Salda Gölü, karbonat çökelimi, ofiyolit, ekstrem göller, stromatolit, dünya dışı yaşam, Mars

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