SEMA TETİKER, HÜSEYİN YALÇIN, ÖMER BOZKAYA

KB Anadolu'daki Karakaya Karmaşığı birimlerinin diyajenezi-düşük dereceli metamorfizması

Bu çalışmada, KB Anadolu’da Sakarya Kompozit Birliği içerisinde yer alan Paleotetis ile ilişkili Permo-Triyas yaşlı Karakaya Karmaşığı’nın tanım ve oluşumuna, birimlerin diyajenetik-metamorfik özellikleri ortaya konularak katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır. KB Anadolu’da Alt Karakaya birimlerinden Nilüfer biriminin alt kesimi mavişist, üst kesimi ise yeşilsist fasiyesindeki kayaçları içermektedir. Kireçtaşı blokları içeren Üst Karakaya birimlerini psamit, pelit ve karbonat kayaçları ile volkanikler temsil etmektedir. KB Anadolu’da Alt Karakaya biriminde bolluk sırasına göre fillosilikat (illit, klorit, stilpnomelan, smektit, kaolinit, C-S, I-S, C-V), feldispat, kalsit, kuvars, dolomit, piroksen (ojit, Ti-ojit), amfibol (hornblend, glokofan, tremolit/aktinolit, antofillit), hematit, epidot ve götit; Üst Karakaya birimlerinde kuvars, fillosilikat (illit, klorit, I-S, C-V, C-S, I-C, kaolinit, vermikülit, smektit), kalsit, dolomit, feldispat, epidot, ojit, hornblend, natrolit, hematit ve götit tanımlanmıştır. Nilüfer, Orhanlar ve Çal birimlerine ait trioktahedral şamozitik kloritler IIb; fenjitik bileşimli dioktahedral illitler $2M_{1}+1M+1M_{d}$ politipine sahiptir. Kübler indeksi (KI) ve Arkai indeksi (AI) verileri; Nilüfer biriminde düşük dereceli ankizon ve epizon, Hodul biriminde yüksek dereceli diyajenez, Orhanlar biriminde yüksek diyajenez-düşük dereceli ankizon, Çal biriminde ise düşük dereceli diyajenez derecesine karşılık gelmektedir. İllitlerin $b_0$ değerleri Alt Karakaya birimlerinde orta-yüksek ve Üst Karakaya birimlerinde çoğunlukla orta basınç fasiyes serisini göstermektedir. Dokusal özellikler, mineral birliktelikleri, kil / fillosilikat mineral dönüşümleri, tipik indeks mineraller ve fillosilikatların kristalkimyasal verilerine göre; Alt Karakaya birimleri yüksek basınç-düşük sıcaklık ile temsil edilen sıkışmalı, Üst Karakaya birimleri ise ısı akışının etkili olduğu genişlemeli bir havzayı yansıtan diyajenetik/metamorfik özelliklere sahiptir.

Diagenesis and low grade metamorphism of Karakaya Complex units in the NW Anatolia

The aim of this study is contribute to discussions concerning the formation of the Paleotethyan Permo-Triassic Karakaya Complex by revealing the diagenetic-metamorphic properties of the units within the Sakarya Composite Terrane in Northwestern Anatolia. The Nilüfer unit from the Lower Karakaya unit is represented by rocks of blueschist in the lower parts and greenschist facies in the upper parts. The Upper Karakaya unit has limestone blocks, made up of psammite, pelite and carbonate rocks associated with volcanics. In NW Anatolia, various minerals have been determined, in order of abundance, as phyllosilicates (illite, chlorite, stilpnomelane, smectite, kaolinite, C-S, I-S, C-V), feldspar, calcite, quartz, dolomite, pyroxene (augite, Ti-augite), amphibole (hornblende, glaucophane, tremolite/actinolite, anthophyllite), hematite, epidote and goethite in the Lower Karakaya unit, and quartz, phyllosilicates (illite, chlorite, I-S, C-V, C-S, I-C, kaolinite, vermiculite, smectite), calcite, dolomite, feldspar, epidote, augite, hornblende, natrolite, hematite and goethite in the Upper Karakaya units. Trioctahedral chamozitic chlorites and phengitic dioctahedral illites have, respectively, IIb polytypes and $2M_{1}+1M+1M_{d}$ in the Nilüfer, Orhanlar and Çal units. Kübler index (KI) and Arkai index (AI) data correspond to low-grade anchizone and epizone for the Nilüfer Unit, high grade diagenesis for the Hodul Unit, high grade diagenesis and low grade anchizone for the Orhanlar Unit, and low grade diagenesis for the Çal Unit. The $b_0$ values of illites show as moderate to high for the Lower Karakaya units, but mostly as a moderate pressure facies series for the Upper Karakaya units. According to the textural features, mineral associations, clay/phyllosilicate transformations, typical index minerals and crystallochemical data of phyllosilicates, the Lower Karakaya units were formed in high pressure/low temperature conditions in a compressional basin, whereas the Upper Karakaya units reflect the diagenetic/metamorphic characteristics of an extensional basin dominated by low heat flow.

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