Yasir GÖKÇE

GÜÇ KULLANIMI OLARAK SİBER FAALİYETLER: ULUSLARARASI HUKUKUN SİBER UZAYA UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ

Devletlerin siber yeteneklerini geliştirerek artırmaları, bizzat silahlı kuvvetleri bünyesinde siber birimler ihdas etmeleri, bir takım vekil aktörleri kendileri adına siber saldırılar gerçekleştirmesi konusunda desteklemeleri, benzer şekilde sivil direniş veya terör gruplarının artan oranda siber yeteneklere yatırım yapması uluslararası arenada siber uzayı yeni bir cephe olarak öne çıkarmıştır. Bu meyanda, yakın zamanda Kuzey Kore ABD'ye olan husumetini Sony adlı şirkete siber saldırı düzenleyerek tevcih etmiş, arkasında Çin'in olduğu düşünülen Mirai korsanları ABD'de Twitter, Spotify, Amazon, Reddit, Yelp ve Netflix'e ait internet sitelerini karartıp işlem göremez hale getirmiş, İsrail ve ABD imzasını taşıyan Stuxnet adlı siber saldırıya maruz kalan İran hızlıca kendi siber ordusunu oluşturmaya başlamış, Rusya NATO ile mücadelede siber uzayı yeni bir cephe olarak ilan etmiş, bunun üzerine NATO Genel Sekreteri Jens Stoltenberg NATO ülkelerine yönelik bir siber saldırı halinde kolektif savunmayı öngören 5. maddeyi işletebileceklerini açıklamıştır. Uluslararası ilişkilerde seyreden rekabet ve gerginliğin siber uzaya da taşındığını gösteren tüm bu gelişmeler, aktörlerin siber uzayda güç kullanma kapasitelerine işaret etmekte ve konunun güç kullanma hukukunu düzenleyen uluslararası hukuk kuralları muvacehesinde irdelenmesini zaruri kılmaktadır.

(CYBER OPERATIONS AS THE USE OF FORCE: THE APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW TO CYBER SPACE)

Cyberspace has emerged as a new front in international fora with States incrementally developing their cyber capabilities, creating cyber units within their armed forces along with hiring proxies to conduct cyber-attacks on their behalf, and with rebel groups or terrorist organizations increasingly investing in cyber capabilities. Note that, in the recent past, North Korea expressed its animosity against the US through carrying out a cyber-attack on Sony. Besides, Mirai hackers which appear to be backed up by China knocked offline a whole group of major websites, including Twitter, Spotify, Amazon, Reddit, Yelp, Netflix, and The New York Times by a massive DDoS attack. Iran rapidly formed its own cyber army right after it had been exposed to Stuxnet cyber-attack allegedly initiated jointly by Israel and the US. Likewise, Russia has articulated the cyber space as a new front in its warfare, and in turn, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg warned that cyberattack against a NATO member can trigger collective defense enshrined in article 5 of the Alliance Treaty. All these developments suggesting the transmission of rivalry and tensions looming over international relations into the cyber-space, point out the actors' readiness to resort to the use of force in cyber space and requires, therefore, to analyze the issue under the international law governing the use of force.

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