Fas: Arap Baharının İstisnası mı?

Bu makale, Arap Baharının monarşi rejiminin hüküm sürdüğü Fas’taki siyasi değişim sürecine etkisini incelemektedir. 2011 protesto gösterileri bazıArap ülkelerinde otoriter rejimlerin yok olmasına neden olurken, Kral VI. Muhammed Tunus’tan gelen toplumsal huzursuzluk dalgasına karşı koyarak ArapBaharı testini geçmiştir. Fas’ta çoğunlukla öğrencilerden oluşan 20 Şubat adlı protesto hareketi parlamenter monarşi çağrısında bulunarak yeni bir anayasa, demokrasi ve sosyo-ekonomik koşulların iyileştirilmesini talep etmiştir.Protesto gösterilerine hızla yanıt veren Kral Muhammed’ın açıkladığı Anayasahazırlıkları tamamlanarak Temmuz 2011’de referanduma sunulmuş ve yüzde99 evet oyu ile kabul edilmiştir. Yeni Anayasa, güçler ayrılığı ilkesi ile temelhak ve özgürlükleri güçlendiren hükümler içerse de, gerçek anlamda parlamenter monarşiyi tesis etmekten uzaktır. Bu çalışma, Fas’ın siyasi ve sosyoekonomik arka planını, protesto hareketini ve buna bağlı talepleri, anayasa reformlarını, uluslararası kamuoyunun değerlendirmelerini ve Kasım 2011 seçimsonuçlarını ele almaktadır. Sonuç bölümünde, Fas bakımından Arap Baharınınyönelimine dair bazı ön değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Arap Baharı, Fas, Orta Doğu, Kuzey Afrika, reformlar, demokrasi

This article examines the Arab Spring as a process of political change inMorocco, where the royalty has remained in power so far. While in some Arabcountries mass protests of 2011 led to the demise of authoritarian regimes,King Mohammed VI has withstood the test of Arab Spring as the social unrestin Tunisia penetrated Morocco in early 2011. The protest movement calledFebruary 20, largely consisting of students, called for parliamentary monarchy and demanded a new constitution, more democracy and improvement ofsocio-economic conditions. Shortly after the eruption of protests, KingMohammed announced the drafting of a new constitution which was submitted to referendum in July 2011 and adopted by almost 99 percent of the vote.The new constitution enhanced separation of powers and fundamental rightsand freedoms, though remaining far from establishing a genuine parliamentary monarchy. This paper provides an overview of the political and socioeconomic background of Morocco, the protest movement and relateddemands, constitutional reforms, international public opinion on the reformsand November 2011 elections. The paper concludes with a summary andsome preliminary remarks for future direction of the Arab Spring in the country

Keywords:

Arab Spring, Morocco, Middle East, North Africa, reforms, democracy,

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