Özbekistan’da İslam, Siyasi Sistem ve Radikalizm

Özbekistan’da İslami radikal akımların mevcudiyeti, hem özelde bu ülke için, hem de bölgesel güvenlik ve istikrar bakımından bir tehdit olarak görülmektedir. İslami dini akımların radikalleşmesi baskıcı otoriter rejimlerde meşru sistem içi meşruiyet kanallarının tıkalı olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Özbekistan vakası, bu hipotezi test edebilmemiz için iyi bir zemin sunmaktadır. Makale Sovyetler Birliği’nden günümüze Orta Asya Coğrafyası genelinde ve özellikle de Özbekistan özelinde İslam ve İslamcılık olgularına tarihsel-betimleyici bir yaklaşımla eğilmektedir. Özellikle siyasi ve militan İslamcılık ideolojisinin ve bu ideolojiye başvuran örgütlerin Özbekistan örneğinde nasıl bir geçmişe sahip olduklarını, hangi başat akımların üzerinde durulması gereken aktörler haline geldiklerini yanı sıra, siyasi hedeflerinin ne olduğu ve kullandıkları stratejileri de yazının ele aldığı diğer konulardır. Makalenin amacı, Özbekistan iç siyasetini anlamak hususunda kilit bir öneme sahip olan siyasi İslam konusunu Orta Asya araştırmaları ile ilgili akademik çevrenin dikkatine sunmak ve bu konudaki daha ayrıntılı bilimsel tartışmalar için başlangıç oluşturmaktır.

Özbekistan’da İslam, Siyasi Sistem ve Radikalizm

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BARAN Z. (2004), Usbekistan: The Key to Success in Cenrtal Asia, House Comitee on International Relations Subcommittee on Middle East and Central Asia, 15.
BARAN,Z,Starr,F,& Cornell,S.E. (2006) Islamic Radicalism in Central Asia and the Cau- casus: Implications for the EU, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program.
CORNELL S.E.(2005), Narcotics, Radicalism, and Armed Conflict in Central Asia: The Islamic Movement of Usbekistan, Terrorism and Political Violence, 17/619, 2005, s. 619-639.
GAZİEV,J., (2000), Islamic Revival in Post-Independence Usbekistan, The Fletcher Jour- nal of Development Studies, Volume 16, 2000, s. 1-15.
GUNN,T.J.(2003), Shaping an Islamic Identity: Religion, Islamism, and the State in Cent- ral Asia, Sociology of Religion, 64/3, s. 389-410.
HALBACH,U, (2002) “Islam undIslamische Bewegungen in Zentralasien”, Aus Politik und- Zeitgeschichte, B 3-4, http://www.bpb.de/apuz/27159/islam-und-islamistische-bewegungen- in-zentralasien?p=all.
HANKS,R.R. (2007), “Dynamics of Islam, Identity, and Institutional Rule in Uzbekistan: Constructing a Paradigm for Conflict Resolution”, Communistand Post-CommunistStudies, 40,s. 209-221.
HAYİT B, (1962) Soviet Russische Orientpolitik am Beispiel Turkestans, Köln, Berlin.
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/26/afghanistan.iantraynor.
KARAGİANNİS,E. (2006), Political Islam in Usbekistan: Hizb-ut Tahrir al-Islami, Europe- Asia Studies, Vol. 58, No. 2, s. 261-280.
LİSNYANSKİ,D.(2008), Jihad Strategies in Central Asia, The Eight Herzliya Conference on the Balance of Israel’s National Security “Israel at Sixty: Tests of Endurance”, The Inter- disciplinary Center Herzliya Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy, Ocak 20-23.
MACLOAD, C.&Mayhew,B, (1997), Usbekistan: The Golden Road to Samarkand, Pass- port Books.
MANN,P. (2002), Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan: Will it Strake Back?, Strategic Analy- sis, Vol. 26, No. 2, Nisan – Haziran, 2002, s. 294 – 304.
MARX, K,&Kritik, Z. (1972), İçinde HegelschenRechtsphilosophie, Karl Marx & Fried- rich Engels, AusgewaehlteWerke (Der.), Cilt 1, Berlin.
McGLİNCHEY,E.M, (2006) “IslamicLeaders in Usbekistan”,1, AsiaPolicy.
NESEMANN F., (2001), Islam 1917-1941. İçinde C.Gassenschmidt&R.Tuchtenhagen (Ed.), Politic and Religion in Soviet Union 1917-1941, Wiesbaden: HarrassowitzVerlag.
OLİMOVA, S,&Tolipov,F (2011) “IslamicRevival in Central Asia. The Cases Uzbekistan and Tajikistan”, Documentos CIDOB Asia, 26, s. 1-15.
ÖZBEKİSTAN ANAYASASI, Madde 18.
PELKMANS,M. (2006), “Religion und Kultur in Zentralasien: Sowjetische Vermächtnisse und neue Herausforderungen”,Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Tätigkeitsbericht, http://www.mpg. de/436801/pdf.pdf .
REİNER Freitag R,-Wirminghaus,(2005) “Russland, islamische Republikendes Kaukasu- sund Zentralasiens”, W.Ende &U. Steinbach, Der Islam in der Gegenwart, München: CH Beck s. 681-695.
SARTORİ, P, (2010) “Towards a History of theMuslims’ SovietUnion: A Viewfrom Central Asia”, DieWeltdesIslams, 50, s. 317-318.
SEİFERT,A.C.(2012), Der Politische Islam in Zentralasien – Gegnero der demokratischer Partner?, Hamburg: CORE WorkingPaper, Sayı 25.
TATARİ E&Shaykhutdinov, R.,(2010), “State Response to Religious Revivalism in Post- Soviet Central Asia”, EuropeanJournal of EconomicandPoliticalStudies, 2, s. 85-110.