Jüt Tarımı ve Mekanizasyonu
Bu çalışmada, içeriğinde %26 lif, %60 sap ve %14 yaprak bulunan, Jütün (Corchorus olitorius L.)tarımı ve mekanizasyonu açısından problemlerin tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Bitkinin özellikle ürün yönetimi;toprak işleme, ekim, sulama, gübreleme, zirai mücadele, bakım, hasat, elyafın saptan soyulması (lif sıyırma),değerlendirme, biyokütle ve ekonomik önemi gibi faaliyetlerin yanı sıra taksonomisi ve botanik durumu dairdelenmiştir.Türkiye’deki jüt üretimi, bazı nedenlerden dolayı sadece araştırma ve geliştirme amaçlı, sınırlı biralanda yapılabilmektedir. Birçok bitkiye, lif içeriği ve biyokütle bakımından alternatif ya da münavebe bitkisiolabilecek; yerli, tescil adayı iki hat olmasına rağmen özellikle mekanizasyon kaynaklı problemlerden dolayıüretimi yapılamamaktadır.Birçok ülkede, jüt tarımı ülkelerin kendi koşullarına göre mekanize olmuş ve üretilmekte iken Türkiyejüt konusunda, Dünyada ABD’den sonra ikinci ithalatçı ülkedir. Türkiye’de ekonomik anlamda jüt çokbüyük yer tutmaktadır. Özellikle ekim ve hasat dönemlerinde yoğun bir işgücüne ihtiyaç duyulmasının,Türkiye’de jüt ekim ve hasat makinasının olmaması jüt tarımının gelişimi için önemli bir dezavantaj olduğusöylenebilir.
Jute Agriculture and Mechanization
In this study, it was aimed to determine the problems in terms of agriculture and mechanization ofJute (Corchorus olitorius L.), which contains 26% fiber, 60% stalkand 14% leaf content. Especially productmanagement of the plant, Taxonomy and botanical status as well as activities such as tillage, sowing,irrigation, fertilization, pest management, harvesting, fiber peeling (fiber stripping), product usage, biomassand economic importance was examined.Turkey produces jute in a limited area basicly for research and development purposes. Instead of jutescapacity to be an alternative in terms of fiber content and biomass and exsistance of two domestic lines atregistration stage, there is no domestic production due to the problems caused by mechanization in particular.In many countries, jute agriculture has been mechanized according to the conditions of the countries, but thisis not the case for Turkey and mainly due to this reason Turkey is the second jute importer country in theworld after US. Jute is a an important economic material in Turkey. It can be said that the need for intensivelabor force especially during sowing and harvesting periods and lack of suitable sowing and harvestingmachinery in Turkey are important disadvantage for the development of jute cultivation in Turkey.
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