Serdal KURT, Hatice Esra ÇOLAKOĞLU, Murat Onur YAZLIK, Mehmet Rıfat VURAL, Şükrü KÜPLÜLÜ

Sütçü İneklerde Mastitis Yönünden Kuru ve Geçiş Dönemlerinin Önemi

Sütçü işletmelerin en maliyetli sorunlarından biri olan mastitis, meme bezinin yangısı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Mastitis insidansı yönetim şartlarına göre değişmekte olup %50-75 oranında kuru ve geçiş dönemlerinden köken alır. Kuru dönem; doğumdan önceki laktasyonsuz evre olarak tanımlanırken, geçiş dönemi; prepartum ve postpartum 3 haftalık süreç olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İnekler kuru dönemin ilk iki ve son iki haftasında mastitise karşı oldukça duyarlıdır. Bu zaman dilimlerinde meme hassasiyetinin nedenleri; memenin anatomik, hücresel ve humoral değişiklik geçirmesi ile immun sistemde yetersizliklerin oluşması olarak görülmektedir. Kuru dönemin başında kontagiyöz ve çevresel etkenler sorun oluştururken kuru dönemin sonunda çoğunlukla çevresel patojenler risk teşkil etmektedir. Sunulan derlemede amaç; mastitisleri önleme çalışmalarında kuru dönem yönetiminin önemine değinmektir. Bu aşamada ilk hedef; genel sağlığı koruyarak çevre ve barınak şartlarını iyileştirip her türlü stres faktörünü engellemek olmalıdır. Sonraki adım ise; ineklerin laktasyondaki sağlık kayıtları ve süt verimleri göz önünde bulundurulup uygun protokollerle kuruya alınması olmalıdır. Ayrıca kuru dönemde enerji metabolizması pozitifte tutulmaya çalışılarak vücut kondisyon skoru ideal sınırlarda tutulmalıdır. Bunların yanında hijyenik şartlar iyileştirilerek aşı, vitamin ve iz element uygulamaları yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Geçiş Dönemi, İnek, Kuru Dönem, Mastitis

Importance of Dry and Transitional Period in Terms of Mastitis in Dairy Cows

Mastitis, one of the most costly problems of dairy farms, is defined as inflammation of mammary gland. Incidence of mastitis varies according to management conditions. But, 50-75% of mastitis originates from dry and transition periods. The dry period is defined as non-lactation stage before parturition. The transition period is defined as the last three weeks before parturition to three weeks after parturition. Cows are very sensitive to mastitis during the first two and last two weeks of the dry period. This is due to anatomical, cellular and humoral changes in mammary at these stages, resulting in deficiencies in the immune system. Environmental pathogens create risk at the beginning and end of the dry period whereas contagious pathogens usually are problem at the beginning of the dry period. In presented review, it is aimed to emphasize importance of the dry period management in mastitis prevention. In this case, first goal should be to maintain general health, to improve environment and shelter conditions and to prevent any stress factor. Afterward, cows should be dry with appropriate protocols according to their health and yield status. In addition, body condition and energy metabolism should be kept at balance level. Also, vaccination, vitamin and trace element administrations should be performed and hygienic conditions must be improved.

Keywords:

Cow, Dry Period, Mastitis, Transition Period,

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