AR-GE TÜRLERİNİN KATMA DEĞER ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Amaç: Bu çalışma, OECD tarafından Temel Araştırma, Uygulamalı Araştırma ve Deneysel Geliştirme olmak üzere üç Ar-Ge türü olarak sınıflandırılan Ar-Ge türlerinin katma değer üzerine etkilerini açıklama amacındadır. Yöntem: Kullanılan veri setinin içsellik probleminden hareketle eş anlı bir denklem sisteminde İki Aşamalı En Küçük Kareler (2AEKK) kullanılarak araç değişken tahminlemesi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin 1994-2019 yılları arasındaki verileri kullanılarak, Ar-Ge türleri kamu ve özel sektör finansmanı altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Özel sektörün Ar-Ge'ye kamuya göre daha fazla harcama yaptığı, ancak söz konusu harcamaların kamu sektörüne göre etkili sonuçlar vermediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca özel sektör tarafından finanse edilen Temel ve Uygulamalı Araştırmanın hem kamu sektörü hem de diğer Ar-Ge türlerine göre en yüksek katma değeri yarattığı bu çalışmanın en önemli bulgularından biridir. Özgünlük: Kamu ve özel sektör tarafından finanse edilen Ar-Ge türlerinin katma değer üzerindeki etkisi, gelişmekte olan ülkeler için araştırılması gereken önemli bir konudur. Bu çalışma, Türkiye gibi gelişmekte olan bir ülkenin verilerine dayanan ilk çalışmadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Katma Değer, Araştırma ve Geliştirme, Kamu Politikaları, Araç Değişken Tahminlemesi

EFFECTS OF THE TYPES OF R&D ON THE VALUE ADDED: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Purpose: This study aims to explain the effects of R&D types, which are classified as three types of R&D, namely Basic Research, Applied Research and Experimental Development by OECD, on value-added. Methodology: Based on the endogeneity problem of the data set used in the study, a simultaneous equation system has been used to estimate the instrument variable by using Two-Stage Least Squares (2AEKK). Findings: In this study, using data from Turkey between the years 1994-2019, R&D types are classified under public and private sector financing. It has been concluded that the private sector spends more on R&D than the public sector, but these expenditures do not yield effective results compared to the public sector. In addition, it is one of the most important findings of this study that Basic and Applied Research, financed by the private sector, creates the highest added value compared to both the public sector and other types of R&D. Originality: The impact of R&D types financed by the public and private sector on value-added is an important issue that needs to be investigated for developing countries. This study is the first study based on data from a developing country such as Turkey.

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