Ahmet Cihat ÖNER, Fatmagül YUR, Mohammed Nooraddin FETHULLAH

Deneysel Diyabet Modelinde Solanum nigrum Ekstraktının Antioksidan ve Antihiperlipidemik Etkisi

Diabetes mellitus (DM), kronik, metabolik, bulaşıcı olmayan bir hastalıktır, dünya çapında beşinci ölüm nedeni olarak kabul edilir ve dünya çapında epidemik oranlara ulaşmıştır. Çalışmamızda kontrol grubu (K), diyabet grubu (D), Solanum nigrum özü (SN) ve diyabet + Solanum nigrum özü (D+SN) verilen gruplar kullanılarak Solanum nigrum ekstraktının diyabetik etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Sonuçlarımız, Solanum nigrum ekstraktının glukoz seviyeleri üzerinde biyolojik etkinliği gözlenirken, serum glukoz seviyesinde (D) (663±21.8 mg/dL) C'ye (131±9.8 mg/dL) kıyasla anlamlı artış kaydedildi. Ancak C grubu (131±9.8 mg/dl) ve SN grubu (196.14±12.1 mg/dL) arasında glukoz düzeyi açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. Ayrıca D + SN grubunun glukoz düzeyi (484.8±40.0 mg/dL), C (131±9.8 mg/dl), D (663±21.8 mg/dl) ve SN gruplarına (196.14±12.1 mg/dL) göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti). D grubunda (1,85±0,15,7) toplam antioksidan durum (TAS) düzeyi, C grubu (1.28±0.17) ile karşılaştırıldığında anlamlıydı. D grubu ile D+SN grubu arasında anlamlı farklar gözlendi (154±007). Ancak TAS düzeyleri hem SN (1.27±0.10) hem de D+SN (1.54±0.07) gruplarında kontrole göre anlamlı farklılık göstermedi. D grubunda (6.30±1.41) toplam oksidan durum (TOS) düzeyi, kontrol C (3.87±0.34), SN (4.87±0,80) grubu ve D+SN (4.14±0.34) gruplarına göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdi. Aksine, tüm C, SN, D+SN grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Sonuç olarak Solanum nigrum bitki ekstraktının diyabet üzerinde etkili olduğunu ancak glikoz seviyesini normal seviyelere indiremediğini, farklı dozlarda ve farklı ekstraksiyon yöntemleri ile etkilerinin ileriki çalışmalarda araştırılması gerektiğini söyleyebiliriz.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hipolipidemik ajan, Oksidatif stres, Streptozosin

Antioxidant and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Solanum Nigrum Extract in Experimental Diabetes Model

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic non-commu¬nicable disease; it is globally considered the fifth cause of death and it has attained worldwide epidemic pro¬portions. In our study, we aimed to investigate the diabetic effects of Solanum nigrum extract using the control group (C), diabetes group (D), groups given the Solanum nigrum extract (SN) and diabetes group + Solanum nigrum extract (D+SN). Our results observed the biological effectiveness of Solanum nigrum extract on glucose levels, significant increase serum glucose level group (D) (663±21.8 mg/dL) in comparison with C (131±9.8 mg/dL) were recorded. However, there were no significant difference in glucose level between C group (131±9.8 mg/dl) and SN group (196.14±12.1 mg/dL). Moreover, glucose level of D+SN group (484.8±40.0 mg/dL) was significantly higher than C (131±9.8 mg/dl), D (663±21.8 mg/dl) and SN groups (196.14±12.1 mg/dL). Total antioxidant status (TAS) level in D group (1.85±0.15.7) was significant when compared C group (1.28±0.17). Significant differences were observed between D group and D+SN group (1.54±0.07). However, TAS levels showed no significant difference in both SN (1.27±0.10) and D+SN (1.54±0.07) groups in comparison to the control group. Total oxidant status (TOS) level in D group (6.30±1.41) was given significant differences in comparison with control C (3.87±0.34), SN (4.87±0.80) group and D+SN (4.14±0.34) groups. In contrary, there were no significant differences between all of C, SN, D+SN groups. As a result, we can say that the Solanum nigrum plant extract is effective on diabetes, but it cannot lower the glucose level to normal levels, it needs to be investigated in future studies and its effects at different doses by different extraction methods.

Keywords:

Hypolipidemica agent, Streptozocin, Oxidative stress,

PDF

___

Aali NS, Singh K, Khan M, Rani S (2010). Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Solanum Nigrum on the Blood Sugar of Albino Rats. Int J Pharma Sci and Res,1 (9), 97-99.
Adebooye OC, Vijayalakshmi R, Singh V (2008). Peroxidase Activity, Chlorophylls and Antioxidant Profile of Two Leaf Vegetables (Solanum Nigrum L. and Amaranthus Cruentus L.) Under Six Pretreatment Methods Before Cooking. Int J Food Sci and Techno, 43, 173-178.
Ahmet AK, Mert H, Nihat M (2019). Investigation of the Antidiabetic Effects of Mistletoe (Viscum album L.) Extract in Experimental Diabetes in Rats. Van Vet J, 30 (2), 121-125.
Alam A, Sahar A, Sameen A, Faısal MN (2022). The effects of bioactive components in Solanum nigrum against oxidative stress in liver damage. Food Sci Technol, 42, e61822.
Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alblihed M et al. (2021). COVID-19 in Relation to Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med, 8, 1-13.
Arulmozhi V, Krishnaveni M, Karthishwaran K, Dhamodharan G Mirunalini S (2010). Antioxidant and Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Solanum Nigrum Fruit Extract on the Experimental Model Against Chronic Ethanol Toxicity. Pharmac Magazine, 6 (21), 42-50.
Atanu F, Ebiloma U, Ajayi E (2011). A Review of the Pharmacological Aspects of Solanum Nigrum Linn. Biotech and Mol Bio Rev, 6 (1), 1-7.
Beyazyıldız E, Çankaya AB, Ergan E et al. (2013). Changes of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Total Oxidant Status of Aqueous Humor in Diabetes Patients and Correlations with Diabetic Retinopathy. Inter J of Ophthal, 6 (4), 531-536.
Bloch K, Vardi P (2005). Toxin‐Based Selection of Insulin‐Producing Cells with Improved Defense Properties for Islet Cell Transplantation. Diabetes Metab Res and Rev, 2 (3), 253-261.
Domingueti CP, Dusse LMSA, Das Graças Carvalho M et al. (2016). Diabetes Mellitus. The Linkage Between Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Hypercoagulability and Vascular Complications. J Diabetes Complications, 30 (4), 738-745.
Gupta AK, Ganguly P, Majumder UK, Ghosal S (2009). Improvement of Lipid and Antioxidant Status in Hyperlipidaemic Rats Treated with Steroidal Saponins of Solanum Nigrum and Solanum Xanthocarpum. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 1-14.
Hou TH, Chung JP, Chen SS, Chang TL (2013). Antioxidation and Antiglycation of 95% Ethanolic Extracts Prepared from the Leaves of Black Nightshade (Solanum Nigrum). Food Sci and Biotech, 22, 839-844.
Hsu JD, Kao SH, Tu CC, Li YJ, Wang CJ (2009). Solanum nigrum L. Extract Inhibits 2-Acetylaminofluorene-Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Through Overexpression of Glutathione S-Transferase and Antioxidant Enzymes. J Agricult Food Chem, 57 (18), 8628-8634.
Hung HY, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Hsu CS, Lee KH (2012). Recent Discovery of Plant-Derived Anti-Diabetic Natural Products. Nat Product Rep, 29 (5), 580-606.
Lee SJ, Ko JH, Lim K, Lim KT (2005). 150 Kda Glycoprotein Isolated from Solanum Nigrum Linne Enhances Activities of Detoxicant Enzymes and Lowers Plasmic Cholesterol in Mouse. Pharmacol Res, 51 (5), 399-408.
Maharana L (2011). Investigation of the Hypoglycemic/Antidiabetic Potential and Toxicity Profile of Some Plants in Control of Blood Glucose Level in Experimental Animal Models. Doktora tezi, Shiksha o Anusandhan University. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hindistan.
Mani RK, Paramashree JB, Bharathi DR, Syed SA (2022). The Traditional and Pharmacological Properties of Solanum nigrum: a Review. Int J Indigen Herbs Drugs, 7 (2), 49-55.
Mukherjee PK, Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Houghton PJ (2006). Leads from Indian Medicinal Plants with Hypoglycemic Potentials. J Ethnopharmacol, 106 (1), 1-28.
Patel D, Kumar R, Laloo D, Hemalatha S (2012). Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview on its Pharmacological Aspects and Reported Medicinal Plants Having Antidiabetic Activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2 (5), 411-420.
Patel D, Kumar R, Prasad S, Sairam K, Hemalatha S (2011). Antidiabetic and in Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Hybanthus Enneaspermus (Linn) F. Muell in Streptozotocin–Induced Diabetic Rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 1 (4), 316-322.
Poongothai K, Ahmed KSZ, Ponmurugan P, Jayanthi M (2010). Assessment of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Potential of Solanum Nigrum and Musa Paradisiaca in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. J Pharma Res, 3 (9), 2203-2205.
Sohrabipour S, Kharazmi F, Soltani N, Kamalinejad M (2013). Effect of the Administration of Solanum Nigrum Fruit on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profiles, and Sensitivity of the Vascular Mesenteric Bed to Phenylephrine in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Medic Sci Monit Bas Res, 19, 133-140.
Söğütlü İ, Koç İ, Mert H, Mis L, Mert N (2019). The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil (Oenothera Biennis) on Insulin, Resistin and Adiponectin in Experimental Diabetes Induced by STZ. Van Vet J, 30 (3), 193-196.
Taylor SI, Yazdi ZS, Amber LB (2021). Pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest, 131 (2), e142243.
Tiwari AK, Rao JM (2002). Diabetes Mellitus and Multiple Therapeutic Approaches of Phytochemicals: Present Status and Future Prospects. Current Science, 83 (1), 30-38.
Tiwari VK, Jain S (2017). Hypoglycemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn. Leaves on Alloxan Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats. International J Pharma Phytopharma Res, 2 (1), 26-28.
Turkez H, Aydin E, Aslan A (2012). Xanthoria Elegans (Link) (Lichen) Extract Counteracts DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress of Mitomycin C in Human Lymphocytes. Cytotechnology, 64 (6), 679-686.
Umamageswari M, Karthikeyan T, Maniyar YA (2017). Antidiabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn Berries in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats. J Clinic Diagn Res: JCDR, 11 (7), 16-19.
Unnikrishnan R, Anjana RM, Mohan V (2016). Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications in India. Nat Rev Endocrin, 12 (6), 357-370.
Wang Y, Xiang L, Yi X, He X (2017). Potential Anti-Inflammatory Steroidal Saponins From the Berries of Solanum Nigrum L. (European Black Nightshade). J Agric Food Chem, 65 (21), 4262-4272.
Xiang S, Zhang Q, Tang Q et al. (2016). Activation of Ampkα Mediates Additive Effects of Solamargine and Metformin on Suppressing MUC1 Expression in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Scientific Reports, 6, 36721.
Zaidi SK, Ansari SA, Tabrez S et al. (2019). Antioxidant potential of Solanum nigrum aqueous leaves extract in modulating restraint stress-induced changes in rat’s liver. J Pharm & Bio Sci, 11 (1), 60-68.