(Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Hakları Sözleşmelerinde Bireysel Başvuru Usulü: Etkinlik Sorunu)

İnsan haklarının korunması konusunda şüphesiz en önemli araçlardan birisi hak arama hürriyetidir. Hak arama hürriyeti kişilerin ulusal düzeyde etkili ve adil bir itiraz mekanızmalarını kullanabilme hakkını da içermektedir. Bu bağlamda Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Hakları Sözleşmeleri bireysel başvuru yolunu benimsemiş ve taraf devletler tarafından ihlal edilen insan haklarının ilgili insan hakları komitesine taşınmasına imkan sağlanmıştır. Başvuru koşulları her bir sözleşmede ayrı ayrı ayrı belirtilmekle birlikte kabul edilebilirlik kriterleri açısından AİHM ve diğer uluslararası mahkemelere başvuru koşulları ile benzerlik arzetmektedir.Komitelerin kararlarının etkinliği ve iç hukuka etkisi bakımından ise hala sorunlar bulumaktadır. Zira, söz konusu komiteler bir yargı organı olmaması ve kararların uygulanmasında gönüllülük esas olması nedeniyle uygulamada istenen netice elde edilememektedir. Bununla birlikte devletlerin iç hukuktaki uygulamalarının uluslar arası başka bir organın denetimine açmış olmaları ve uluslar arası hukuk sistemi içinde yer alan diğer yaptırım şekilleri insan hakları konusunda evrensel bir farkındalık oluşturmasına katkı sağladığı düşünülmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İnsan hakları, bireysel başvuru, BM insan hakları, BM insan hakları komiteleri, Kabul edilebilirlik

INDIVIDUAL COMPLAINT MECHANISM UNDER THE U.N. HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTIONS: HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE MECHANISM? (Birleşmiş Milletler İnsan Hakları Sözleşmelerinde Bireysel Başvuru Usulü: Etkinlik Sorunu)

The recent increase in the creation of individual complaint mechanismsfor individuals or groups who claimes to have been violated their rightsclearly proves that there has been put a great effort to protect human rightsthrough such mechanisms under relevant covenants. By means of thisdirect communication procedures individuals are provided with a greaterability to access to the human rights committees under the covenant.Particularly, U.N. human rights treaties provide direct acsess to therelevant committee and bring their action before the committee. Thegeneral provisions and admisibility rules are regarded very similar tothe European Court of Human Rights (ECOHR) and other internationalcourts.However, there have been stil problems in terms of human rightsprotection via individual complaint mechanism. The main challengeis that the enforcement of committee decisions are upon the will of theState Party as these committees are not judicial organs. While some othersanctions or ways can be found in the international affairs area, the stateparties are not seem reluctant to enforce committee decisions.

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