DEMİR ÇELİK ENDÜSTRİSİ ÜRETİM YÖNTEMLERİ İLE İHRACAT, KATMA DEĞER VE KARBON EMİSYONU AZALTMA POLİTİKALARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ

Demir çelik üretim yöntemleri ülkeden ülkeye farklılaşabilmektedir. Türkiye hammadde tedariki açısından büyük ölçüde dışa bağımlı olmasına rağmen, endüstriyel verimlilik ve yoğun çelik talebinde bulunan ülkelere yakın mesafede olması gibi çeşitli üretim ve ticaret politikası kaynaklı faktörler ile birlikte rekabet avantajı kazanarak dünya çapında bir üretici haline gelebilmiştir. Ancak son dönemde yaşanan küresel ekonomik krizin yaratmış olduğu daralma ve Çin merkezli gelişmeler, hem nihai ürün hem de hammadde pazarında önemli değişiklikler yaratmış ve endüstri içerisinde bu durumun sürdürülebilirliği yoğun tartışılan bir konu haline gelmiştir. Gelişen yurtiçi ve yurtdışı talep yapısı, hammadde pazarındaki gelişmeler, enerji verimliliği kaygısı ve CO2 salınımı azaltılması yönündeki politika baskılarına ek olarak ihracatı arttırma hedefleri dikkate alındığında, endüstriyel üretim yöntemleri dağılımının endüstriyel kârlılığı arttırma fırsatları ve riskleri açısından ne ifade ettiği bu çalışmada sorgulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, endüstride yüksek fırın oranındaki artış ihracat ve endüstriyel kârlılık artışı için etkin bir itici güçtür. Bu artışa paralel olarak, CO2 fiyatlama politikalarının da belirli bir ölçüye kadar endüstri hedeflerinde belirgin bir sapma yaratmayacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Demir-Çelik Üretim Yöntemleri, Hammadde Piyasaları, Rekabetçilik, İhracat, Karlılık, CO2 Emisyonu

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRODUCTION METHODS OF IRON / STEEL AND EXPORTS, ADDED VALUE AND THE POLICY TO REDUCE CARBON EMISSION

Production methods of iron and steel may vary from one country to the other. Despite its high import dependency for raw material supply, Turkey has been able to become a worldwide producer based on its competitive advantage by varying production and trade policies, factors such as industrial efficiency and closeness to the market demand for steel products. However shrinkage created by latest global economic crises and developments in China causes serious changes in final product as well as raw material market. The sustainability of this situation has become a hotly debated issue in the industry. In addition to progressing domestic and foreign demand structure, developments in the raw material market, concern of energy efficiency and pressures such as carbon emission reduction policy invigorate the discussion. In this study we try to see the relationship between the industrial production method and profitability. According to analysis results, increase of blast furnace ratio in the industry is an effective driving force for increasing exports and industrial profitability. In parallel with this increase, it is projected that CO2 pricing policies will not cause distinct distortion over industry objective under certain limits

Keywords:

Iron-Steel Production Methods, Raw Material Markets, Competitiveness, Export, Profitability, CO2 Emission,

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