Çevresel Varyasyonların Oryantal Tütünlerin Verimi Üzerine Etkileri

Çalışma tütünün verim ve verim ile ilişkili özelliklerini çevre değişkenliklerinin nasıl etkilediğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, farklı özellikleri ile öne çıkan 21 hat ve dört standart çeşit ile dört farklı lokasyonda (Erbaa-Evciler, Erbaa-Karayaka, Gümüşhacıköy, Bafra) tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Farklı genotiplerin bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, yaprak eni, yaprak boyu ve kuru yaprak verimi karakterlerinin, farklı ekolojilerde ortaya koyduğu varyasyon incelenmiştir. İncelenen parametrelerin tümünde genotiplerin değişen çevre koşullarından önemli derecede etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Bitki boyu 49.33 cm ile 177.32 cm, yaprak sayısı 21.83-47.10 adet/bitki, yaprak eni 6.83-16.31 cm, yaprak boyu 13.01-28.93 cm ve verim 79.17 kg da-1 ile 238.98 kg da-1 aralığında değişmiştir. Tüm çevrelerde gösterdikleri performansları ile bitki boyu bakımından 5 hat (ERB-11, ERB-14, ERB-16, ERB-21, ERB-35), yaprak sayısı bakımından 6 hat (ERB-6, ERB-7, ERB-11, ERB-14, ERB-16, ERB-35), yaprak eni bakımından 10 hat (ERB-9, ERB-16, ERB-17, ERB-18, ERB-19, ERB-21, ERB-25, ERB-26, ERB-27, ERB-30), yaprak boyu bakımından 1 hat (ERB-16) ve verim bakımından 13 hat (ERB-6, ERB-7, ERB-9, ERB-13, ERB-16, ERB-18, ERB-19, ERB-21, ERB-25, ERB-27, ERB-30, ERB-35, ERB-38) öne çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Basma tütünü, genotip x çevre, morfolojik karakterler, Nicotiana tabacum L.

Effects of Environmental Variations on Yield of Oriental Tobaccos

The study was conducted to determine the impacts of environmental variations on yield and yield related properties of tobacco. The experimental layout was in the randomized blocks with three replicates in four different locations (Erbaa-Evciler, Erbaa-Karayaka, Gümüşhacıköy, Bafra) using 21 lines and four standard varieties that stand out with their different characteristics. The variation in plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length and leaf yield of genotypes were investigated at different ecologies. All the parameters investigated of the genotypes have been significantly affected by changing environmental conditions. Plant height ranged from 49.33 cm to 177.32 cm, the number of leaves from 21.83 to 47.10 per plant, leaf width from 6.83 to 16.31 cm, leaf length from 13.01 to 28.93 cm, and yield ranged from 79.17 kg-1 to 238.98 kg da-1. The results for the performances of genotypes in all environments showed that 5 lines (ERB-11, ERB-14, ERB-16, ERB-21, ERB-35) for plant height, 6 lines (ERB-6, ERB-7, ERB-11, ERB-14, ERB-16, ERB-35) for the number of leaves, 10 lines (ERB-9, ERB-16, ERB-17, ERB-18, ERB-19, ERB-21, ERB-25, ERB-26, ERB-27, ERB-30) for leaf width, 1 line (ERB-16) in for leaf length and 13 lines (ERB-6, ERB-7, ERB-9, ERB-13, ERB-16, ERB-18, ERB-19, ERB-21, ERB-25, ERB-27, ERB-30, ERB-35, ERB-38) for yield come to the fore.

Keywords:

Basma tobacco, genotype x environment, morphological characteristics, Nicotiana tabacum L.,

PDF

___

Akbulut, M. K., Seker, S. S., & Senel, G. (2017). Stoma features in leaves of Spiranthes spiralis (Orchidaceae) growing under different ecological conditions. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 17, 372-376.
ATEA. (2012). Basma Tobaccos Growing Technique. Aegean Exporters Associations, Aegean Tobacco Exporters Association, Izmir.
Aytac, B. (2016). Determination of Nail tobacco line performance in different locations in Bafra. MSc Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Graduate School of Sciences, Samsun.
Boydak, E., Kayantaş, B., Acar, F., & Fırat, R. (2018). Determination of yield and yield components of some soybean (Glycine max L.) varieties at high altitudes. Harran Journal of Agricultural and Food Science, 22(4), 544-550.
Bruck, H., Jureit, C., Hermann, M., Schulz, A., & Sattelmacher, B. (2008). Effect of water and nitrogen supply on water use efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination in Edible Canna (Canna edulis Ker-Gawler). Plant Biology, 3(4), 326-334.
Butorac, J., Vasilj, D., Kozumplik V., & Beljo, J. (1999). Quantitative parameters of some burley tobacco traits. Rostlinna Vyroba, 45(4), 149-156.
Butorac, J., Beljo, J., & Gunjaca, J. (2004). Study of inheritance of some agronomic and morphological traits in burley tobacco by graphic analysis of diallel cross. Plant, Soil and Environment, 50(4), 162-167.
Cakir, R. & Cebi, U. (2006). Growth and dry matter accumulation dynamics of flue-cured tobacco under different soil moisture regimes. Journal of Agronomy, 5(1), 79-86.
Caliskan, O. (2006). Effects of different seedling production methods on yield and some quality components in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.), thyme (Origanum onites L.) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Phd Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Graduate School of Sciences, Samsun.
Camas, N. (1998). The analysis of the inheritence ability of the some quantitative characters using line x tester method in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Phd Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Graduate School of Sciences, Samsun.
Camas, N., Caliskan, O., Odabas, M.S., & Ayan, A.K. (2009a). The effects of organic originated fertilizer doses on yield and quality of Esendal tobacco cultivar. Turkey VIII. Field Crops Congress, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay.
Camas, N., Karaali, H., Caliskan, O., & Kurt, D. (2009b). Determination the yield and yield components of Basma tobacco cultivars and accessions under Gumushacikoy conditions. Turkey VIII. Field Crops Congress, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay.
Camas, N., Karaali, H., Kurt, D., & Kinay, A. (2011). Evaluation of quality factors for Basma kind of tobacco production in Middel Black Sea region. Turkey IX. Field Crops Congress, Uludag University, Bursa.
Dimitrova, S. (2005). Study on growth characteristics of oriental tobacco varieties under northern Bulgaria II. Ticha 117 variety. Proceedings of Jubilee Scientific Conference, Plovdiv.
Dolek, I. (1984). Some morphological characteristics of Nicotiana tabacum L. pure-line cultivars in Marmara region. Phd Thesis, Ege University, Graduate School of Sciences, Izmir.
Dyulgerski, Y., & Dimanov, D. (2012). Study on heterozis behaviour related to the leaves size by the tobacco of burley variety group. Acta Agriculturae Serbica, 34(17), 75-82. Er, C., & Yildiz, M. (2014). Pleasure Plants. Ankara University publications, No: 419, Ankara.
Erskine, W., & Ashkar, F.E. (1993). Rainfall and temperature effects on lentil (Lens culinaris) seed yield in the mediterranean environment. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 121, 347-354.
Eser, D., & Gecit, H.H. (2010). Ecology (Second edition). Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture publications, No:1584, Ankara.
Floret, C., Pontanier, R., & Rambal, S. (1982). Measurement and modelling of primary production and water use in a south Tunisia steppe. Journal of Arid Environments, 5(1), 77-90.
Gixhari, B., & Sulovari, H. (2010). Nature of inheritance and heterosis estimated on some morphological quantitative characters that ınfluence the tobacco yield. Studii şi Cercetari, Biologie, 18, 46-50.
Gonuz, A., & Ozorgucu, B. (1999). An investigation on the morphology, anatomy and ecology of Origanum onites L. Turkish Journal of Botany, 23, 19-32.
Kara, S. M. (1993). Diallel analysis of inheritance of some quantitative characters in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Phd Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Graduate School of Sciences, Samsun.
Karpat, H. (1989). Studies on taxonomic characteristics of Samsun-Bafra tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cultivars. Phd Thesis, Istanbul University, Graduate School of Sciences, Istanbul.
Kevseroglu, K. (1999). Plant ecology. Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Agriculture publications, No: 31, Samsun.
Kinay, A., & Yilmaz, G. (2016). Effects of heterosis on agronomically important traits of oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hybrids. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 11(1), 89-94.
Kinay, A. (2014). Yield and quality properties in some oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) hybrids. Phd Thesis, Gaziosmanpasa University, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokat.
Korubin-Aleksoska, A. (2003). Investigation of environmental and genetic variability fors talk height and number of leaves pers talk in some tobacco cultivars and their F1 hybrids. Coresta Meeting Agro-Phyto Groups, Bucharest, Romania.
Korubin-Aleksoska, A., Miceska, G., & Aleksoski, J. (2014). Plant breeding for creation of late-maturing oriental tobacco genotypes. Тутун/Tobacco, 64(1-6), 5-11.
Kurt, D. (2019). Genotype x Environment interactions of Basma type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) lines selescted for superior characterstics. Phd Thesis, Gaziosmanpasa University, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokat.
Kurt, D., & Ayan, A. K. (2014). Effect of the different organic fertilizer sources and doses on yield in organic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) production. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpasa University, 31(2), 7-14.
Lambers, H., Chapin, S. F., & Pons, L. P. (2000). Plant physiological ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Ozcan, H. (2014). Effects of different harvest methods on yield and quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). MSc Thesis, Gaziosmanpasa University, Graduate School of Sciences, Tokat.
Peksuslu, A. (1998). The morphological phsiological and biochemical characteristics of some Turkish tobacco varieties in Izmir-Bornova conditions. Phd Thesis, Ege University, Graduate School of Sciences, Izmir.
Peksuslu, A., Yilmaz, I., Inal, A., & Kartal, H. (2012). Turkey tobacco genotypes. Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, Anadolu, 22(2), 82-90.
Ryu, M. H., Choi, S. I., & Lee, C. H. (1989). The relation of environmental factors to the quality and chemical constituents of oriental tobaccos: III; Quality and physical properties as affected by light intensity and temperature. Korean Journal Crop Science, 34(1), 40-47.
Sadeghi, S. M., Samizadeh, H., Amiri, E., & Ashouri, M. (2011). Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (ammi) analysis of dry leaf yield in tobacco hybrids across environments. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(21), 4358-4364.
Sekin, S. (1986). Tobacco quality and difficults in measuring it. Turkey Tobaccos and Future Symposium, Tokat Governorship, Tokat.
Sencar, O., & Gokmen, S. (2004). Agricultural Ecology. Gaziosmanpasa University faculty of Agriulture publications, No:8, Tokat.
Silim, S. N., Saxena, M. C., & Erksine, W. (1993). Adaptation of lentil to the mediteranean environment: II. Response to moisture supply. Experimental Agriculture, 29, 21-28.
Smith, A. M., Zeeman, S. C., Thorneycroft, D., & Smith, S. M. (2004). Starch mobilization in leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany, 54(382), 577-583.
Senbayram, M., Ekren, S., & Sekin, S. (2005). Effects of ecological condidtions and nutrients on oriental tobacco quality. Workshop on Tobacco Farming and Problems in the Aegean Region, Ege University, Izmir.
TADB. (2019). Activity Reports of 2014-2015-2016 Years. Republic of turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Tobacco and Alcohol, Ankara.
Tomov, N. (1990). Variability and stability on some indicators in the plants by oriental type tobacco. Plant-growing Science, 27(2), 35-41.
Usturali, A., Apti, R., Otan, R., Yazan, G., & Sengul, H. (1998). Selection studies on Sarıbağlar subpopulation in the Aegean tobacco region. Journal of Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, Anadolu, 8(1), 1-15.
Yilmaz, G., & Kinay, A. (2011). Effects of different nitrogen rates on yield and quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Turkey IX. Field Crops Congress, Uludag University, Bursa.
Zorba, T. (2008). A study on determination of tobacco cultivars and lines, best suited for Black Sea region and their expertise data. MSc Thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Graduate School of Sciences, Samsun.