TRANSITION OF POLAND’S LOCAL GOVERNMENT BETWEEN 1989 AND 2004

The study focuses on the reforms of the Polish local governments between 1989 and 2004.After the collapse of the communist system in Poland, the reconstruction of local government became the one of most important pillars of the 1989 political transformation within the country. These reforms significantly empowered local communities and created the system of local self-government. These reforms clearly distinguished Poland from other post- communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. A number of decentralization policies are accepted in the Polish local governments. Second wave of reforms pursued this decentralization trend in 1998 and 1999 respectively. With the membership to European Union on 2004 caused new reforms in the local government system of Poland. In this study, the process of decentralization and main actors in regional policies are analyzed. Poland is known as most decentralized country in Central and Eastern Europe through these reforms within the country.

POLONYA YEREL YÖNETİMLERİNİN 1989 İLE 2004 ARASINDAKİ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Bu çalışma 1989 ile 2004 yılları arasında Polonya’daki yerel yönetim reformlarına odaklanmaktadır. Polonya’da komünist sistemin çöküşüyle beraber, yerel yönetimlerin yeniden inşası, ülkedeki 1989 siyasi dönüşümünün en önemli direklerinden biri olmuştur. Bu reformlar yerel toplulukları ciddi düzeyde güçlendirmiş ve yerel öz-yönetim sistemi yaratmıştır. Söz konusu reformlar Polonya’yı, diğer Orta ve Doğu Avrupa’daki eski komünist ülkelerden açıkça ayırmıştır. Polonya yerel idarelerinde bir dizi yerelleşme politikaları kabul edilmiştir. İkinci dalga reformlar sırasıyla 1998 ve 1999 yıllarında bu yerelleşme trendini takip etmiştir. 2004 yılındaki Avrupa Birliği üyeliği, Polonya’nın yerel yönetim sisteminde yeni reformlara yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada yerelleşme süreci ve bölgesel politikalardaki başlıca aktörler analiz edilmiştir. Ülke içerisindeki bu reformların neticesinde Polonya, Orta ve Doğu Avrupa’nın en fazla yerelleşmiş ülkesi olarak bilinmektedir.

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