Ergonomik Personel Görev Çizelgeleme Problemi: Çok Amaçlı Bir Kısıt Programlama Modeli ve Vaka Çalışması

Personel görev çizelgeleme problemi (PGÇP) firma amaçlarını ve teknolojik kısıtlarını dikkate alarak firma personellerine görev atanması problemidir. Ergonomik faktörler görevin yerine getirilmesi esnasında personeller üzerindeki yükün değerlendirilmesi için dikkate alınırlar. Personel verimliliğini artırmak isteyen işletmeler ergonomik risklerin azaltılması yönünde kararlar almaya zorlanmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra personel giderleri üretim maliyetleri içerisinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Gerek işçilik maliyetlerini düşürmek gerekse personel üretkenliğini artırmak için ergonomik risk faktörleri göz önünde bulundurularak PGÇP çözülmek zorundadır. Bu çalışmada ergonomik personel görev çizelgeleme problemi (EPGÇP) için bir kısıt programlama (KP) modeli önerilmiştir. Personel ergonomik risk skorlarının belirlenmesinde REBA metodu kullanılmıştır. Modelin amaç fonksiyonu, amaç programlama tabanlı olarak belirlenen ergonomik risk skorlarından sapmaların en küçüklenmesidir. Önerilen modelin performansı orta gerilim sigorta üretimi yapan bir firmadan alınan gerçek veriler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sayısal test sonuçları literatürde PGÇP için çözüm önerisi sunan çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar önerilen KP modelinin problemin çözümünde etkin ve verimli olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Personel görev çizelgeleme problemi, Kısıt programlama, Ergonomi, REBA, Orta gerilim sigorta

Ergonomic Personnel Task Scheduling Problem: A Multi-objective Constraint Programming Model and A Case Study

Personnel task scheduling problem (PTSP) is the problem of assigning tasks to personnel, taking into account firm objectives and technological constraints. Ergonomic factors are taken into account to assess the ergonomic risks on personnel while performing the task. Firms that want to increase personnel productivity are forced to make decisions to reduce ergonomic risks. In addition, personnel costs have an important place in production costs. To reduce labor costs and increase personnel productivity, PTSP has to solve by considering ergonomic risk factors. In this study, a constraint programming (CP) model is proposed for the ergonomic personnel task scheduling problem (EPTSP). REBA method is used to determine personnel ergonomic risk scores. The objective function of the model is to minimize the deviations from the ergonomic risk scores determined based on goal programming. The performance of the proposed model has been evaluated with real data obtained from a company that produces medium voltage fuses. Numerical results were compared with the results of studies in the literature that proposed a solution for PTSP. The results showed that the proposed CP model is effective and efficient in solving the problem.

Keywords:

Personnel task scheduling problem, Constraint Programming, Ergonomic, REBA, Medium voltage fuses,

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