THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPORT STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR SELECTED G-20 COUNTRIES

In this study, the relationship between export structure and economic growth in the last 11 countries (in terms of foreign trade volume) of G-20 was studied using a non-parametric approach. The study analyzes the relationship between skill-and-technology intensive manufacturing industry exportation and economic growth based on variables such as human capital and institutional quality. In demonstrating the difference between the growth rates of the countries in question (and in examining the role of skill-and-technology-intensive export), the Li-Racine (2004) Generalized Kernel Estimation Method has been used. The for-eign trade goods categorized according to their technological intensity in the paper were classified in ac-cordance with the United Nations Comtrade Harmonized System (4-digit). The last 11 countries of the G-20 in terms of foreign trade volume are the following: Turkey, Italy, India, Mexico, Indonesia, Canada, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Southern Korea, and Russia. The analysis covers the time period of 1995-2010. The results of non-parametric analysis methods reveal, just as parametric analysis results do, that there exists a positive and meaningful relationship between economic growth and the export of skill-and-technology-intensive goods for most countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İhracat Yapısı, Ekonomik Performans, Parametrik Olmayan Analiz, G-20 Ülkeleri

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPORT STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR SELECTED G-20 COUNTRIES

AITCHISON J and C.G.G. AITKEN (1976), “Multivariate Binary Discrimination by Kernel Method”, Biometrika, 63 (3), 413 - 420.BASU S.R. (2008), A New Way to Link Development to Institutions, Policies and Geography, Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities, United Nations publication. UNCTAD/ITCD/TAB/48: New York and Geneva.BASU S.R. and M. DAS (2011), “Export Structure and Economic Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence From Nonparametric Methodology”, Policy Issues In International Trade And Commodities. United Nations Publication. Study series no: 48: New York and Geneva.CINGRANELLI-RICHARDS (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset. Retrieved from http://ciri.binghamton.edu/HENISZ W.J., The Political Constraint Index (POLCON) Dataset Retrieved from http://www.nsd.uib.no/macrodataguide/set.html?id=29&sub=1JARREAU, J., and S. PONCET (2012), “Export sophistication and economic growth: Evidence from China”, Journal of development Economics,97(2), 281-292.LI Q. and J. RACINE (2004), “Cross-Validated Local Linear Nonparametric Regression”, Statistica Sinica, 14 (2), 485 - 512.KADOCHNIKOV, S.,and A. FEDYUNINA (2013), “Export diversification in the product space and regional growth: Evidence from Russia”, No. 1327, Utrecht University, Section of Economic Geography.KINUTHIA, B. K. (2013), “Export Structure and Catching Up: Kenya and Malaysia compared”, Retreived from http://acetforafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/ Export-Structure-and-Catching-up-Kenya-and-Malaysia-21.05.20131.pdfNAGAR A.L. and S.R. BASU (2002), “Weighting socio-economic variables of human development: A latent variable approach”, In: Ullah A et al., eds. Handbook of Applied Econometrics and Statistical Inference: New York. Marcel Dekker.Polity IV Project. Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2011, by M.G. Marshall, K. Jaggers, and T.R. Gurr, Retrieved from http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htmPRIO (International Peace Research Institute). Vanhanen’s index of democracy,Retrieved from http://www.prio.no/CSCW/Datasets/Governance/Vanhanens-index-of-democracy/RACINE J. and Q. Li (2004), “Nonparametric Estimation of Regression Functions with both Categorical and Continuous Data”, Journal of Econometrics, 119 (1), 99-130.SILVERMAN B.W. (1986), Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis, Chapman Hall: New York.SUN, P., and A. HESHMATI (2010),“International trade and its effects on economic growth in China” (No. 5151), Discussion paper series//Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit.UNCTAD: Catalogue of Indicator; International Trade, database, Retrieved from http://unctad.org/en/Pages/Statistics.aspxUNCTAD: Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS), Database, Retrieved from http://r0.unctad.org/trains_new/database.shtm

Keywords:

Export Structure, Economic Performance, Nonparametric Analysis, G-20 Countries,

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AITCHISON J and C.G.G. AITKEN (1976), “Multivariate Binary Discrimination by Kernel Method”, Biometrika, 63 (3), 413 - 420.
BASU S.R. (2008), A New Way to Link Development to Institutions, Policies and Geography, Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities, United Nations publication. UNCTAD/ITCD/TAB/48: New York and Geneva.
BASU S.R. and M. DAS (2011), “Export Structure and Economic Performance in Developing Countries: Evidence From Nonparametric Methodology”, Policy Issues In International Trade And Commodities. United Nations Publication. Study series no: 48: New York and Geneva.
CINGRANELLI-RICHARDS (CIRI) Human Rights Dataset. Retrieved from http://ciri.binghamton.edu/
HENISZ W.J., The Political Constraint Index (POLCON) Dataset Retrieved from http://www.nsd.uib.no/macrodataguide/set.html?id=29&sub=1
JARREAU, J., and S. PONCET (2012), “Export sophistication and economic growth: Evidence from China”, Journal of development Economics,97(2), 281-292.
LI Q. and J. RACINE (2004), “Cross-Validated Local Linear Nonparametric Regression”, Statistica Sinica, 14 (2), 485 - 512.
KADOCHNIKOV, S.,and A. FEDYUNINA (2013), “Export diversification in the product space and regional growth: Evidence from Russia”, No. 1327, Utrecht University, Section of Economic Geography.
KINUTHIA, B. K. (2013), “Export Structure and Catching Up: Kenya and Malaysia compared”, Retreived from http://acetforafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/ Export-Structure-and-Catching-up-Kenya-and-Malaysia-21.05.20131.pdf
NAGAR A.L. and S.R. BASU (2002), “Weighting socio-economic variables of human development: A latent variable approach”, In: Ullah A et al., eds. Handbook of Applied Econometrics and Statistical Inference: New York. Marcel Dekker.
Polity IV Project. Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 1800-2011, by M.G. Marshall, K. Jaggers, and T.R. Gurr, Retrieved from http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm
PRIO (International Peace Research Institute). Vanhanen’s index of democracy,Retrieved from http://www.prio.no/CSCW/Datasets/Governance/Vanha
nens-index-of-democracy/
RACINE J. and Q. Li (2004), “Nonparametric Estimation of Regression Functions with both Categorical and Continuous Data”, Journal of Econometrics, 119 (1), 99-130.
SILVERMAN B.W. (1986), Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis, Chapman Hall: New York.
SUN, P., and A. HESHMATI (2010),“International trade and its effects on economic growth in China” (No. 5151), Discussion paper series//Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit.
UNCTAD: Catalogue of Indicator; International Trade, database, Retrieved from http://unctad.org/en/Pages/Statistics.aspx
UNCTAD: Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS), Database, Retrieved from http://r0.unctad.org/trains_new/database.shtm