EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE EKOLOJİK AYAK İZİ İLİŞKİSİ: E7 ÜLKELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Bu çalışmada E7 ülkelerinde (Brezilya, Çin, Endonezya, Hindistan, Meksika, Rusya ve Türkiye) 1992-2018 döneminde ekonomik büyüme ve ekolojik ayak izi ilişkisi panel veri yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Ekonomik büyüme göstergesi olarak kişi başına düşen GSYH ve ekolojik ayak izi ölçütü olarak kişi başına küresel (ha) cinsinden ekolojik ayak izi değişkeni kullanılmış olup, kontrol değişkeni olarak birincil enerji tüketimi ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin varlığı Gengenbach vd. (2016) ikinci nesil eşbütünleşme testi ile araştırılmış olup, eşbütünleşme katsayıları AMG tahmincisiyle hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisinin tespitinde Dumitrescu ve Hurlin (2012) nedensellik testinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, E7 ülkelerinde 1992-2018 döneminde değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşik ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. E7 ülkelerinde enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyümenin ekolojik ayak izi ile pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlamlı ilişkiye sahiptir. Bu ülkelerde enerji tüketimindeki %1’lik artış, ekolojik ayak izini ortalama % 0.78 oranında arttırmaktadır ve ekonomik büyümede %1’lik artış ekolojik ayak izini ortalama 0.12 oranında arttırmaktadır. Ayrıca, ekonomik büyümeden ekolojik ayak izine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi varken; ekolojik ayak izi ile enerji tüketimi arasında karşılıklı nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekonomik büyüme, ekolojik ayak izi, panel veri analizi., Economic growth, ecological footprint, panel data analysis.

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT RELATIONSHIP: THE CASE OF E7 COUNTRİES

In this study, the relationship between economic growth and ecological footprint in E7 countries (Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Russia and Turkey) in the period 1992-2018 was examined by panel data method. GDP per capita as an indicator of economic growth and ecological footprint in terms of global (ha) per capita variable were used as a measure of ecological footprint, and primary energy consumption was considered as a control variable. The existence of cointegration relationship in the study Gengenbach et al. (2016) was investigated with the second generation cointegration test and the cointegration coefficients were calculated with the AMG estimator. In addition, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality test was used to determine the causality relationship between the variables. In the light of the findings, it has been determined that there is a cointegrated relationship between the variables in the E7 countries during the 1992-2018 period. It has a positive and statistically significant relationship with the ecological footprint of energy consumption and economic growth in E7 countries. In these countries, a 1% increase in energy consumption increases the ecological footprint by 0.78% on average, and a 1% increase in economic growth increases the ecological footprint by an average of 0.12. In addition, while there is a one-way causality relationship from economic growth to ecological footprint; a mutual causality relationship has been determined between ecological footprint and energy consumption.

Keywords:

Ekonomik büyüme, ekolojik ayak izi, panel veri analizi., Economic growth, ecological footprint, panel data analysis.,

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