Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Sektörel Büyümenin Yabancı Banka Girişlerine Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Uygulama (1990-2010

Dünya ekonomilerinde yabancı sahipliği bankacılık sisteminde de kendini göstermiştir. İstikrarlı bir ekonomi için güçlü ve rekabetçi bir bankacılık sistemi gereklidir. Geçiş ekonomilerinin bankacılık sektörünün gelişiminde yabancı bankalar önemli bir rol almıştır. Bu çalışma; geçiş ekonomilerinde sektörel büyüme değişkenlerinin yabancı banka girişlerine etkisini araştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın farkı; yabancı banka girişlerinin belirleyicilerinden olan Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hâsıla (GSYİH) değişkeninin sektörel biçimde incelenmesidir. Bu çerçevede yabancı banka girişlerinin belirleyicileri arasında; tarım, sanayi ve hizmetler sektörü GSYİH büyüme değişkenleri modele dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmada 27 geçiş ekonomisinin 1990–2010 döneminde Panel Veri Analizi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kontrol değişkenleri; toplam nüfus büyüme oranı, kişi başına düşen kredi miktarı ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımın GSYİH içindeki payı pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar vermiştir. Bununla birlikte; toplam krediler içindeki yerine getirilmeyen kredilerin payı ve enflasyon oranları yabancı banka girişleri üzerinde negatif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar vermiştir. Sadece döviz kurları istatistiksel olarak anlamsız sonuçlar vermiştir. Sanayi sektörü GSYİH büyümesi, hizmetler sektörü GSYİH büyümesi değişkenlerinin yabancı banka girişleri üzerinde pozitif yönlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmuştur. Diğer taraftan; tarım sektörü GSYİH büyümesi değişkeninin yabancı banka girişleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunamamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yabancı Bankalar, Geçiş Ekonomileri, Yabancı Sahipliği, Sektörel Büyüme, Uluslararası Bankacılık

Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Sektörel Büyümenin Yabancı Banka Girişlerine Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Uygulama (1990-2010

Foreign ownership has standed out in banking sectors of world economies. Substantial and competitive banking system is required for a stable economy. Foreign banks have played an important role in development of banking sector in transition economies. This paper investigates the effects of sectoral growth variables on foreign bank entries in transition economies. This paper’s difference is to search sectoral determinants of foreign bank entries for sectorel Gross Domestic Product (GDP) variables. In this context, paper has two main models that include agriculture, industry and service sectors of GDP as determinants of foreign bank entries. This study uses Panel Data Analysis for 1990–2010 period in 27 transition economies. According to results, control variables that are total population growth rate, credit per capita and the ratio of foreign direct investment to GDP have been shown to be positevly and statistically significant related to foreign bank entries. On the other hand, the ratio of non-performing loans to total loans and inflation rates have significantly negative sign on foreign bank entries. Exchange rates is only found statistically insignificant among all control variables. GDP growth of industry sector, GDP growth of service sector, have had a significantly positive impact on foreign bank entries. Conversely, GDP growth of agriculture sector haven’t been a significantly effect on foreign bank entries.1. GİRİŞ Bankaların kuruldukları yerlere, nasıl organize olduklarına veya bu bankaların sahiplik farklılıklarına bakılmaksızın; bankalar herhangi bir ekonomik sistemde genel olarak üç temel fonksiyonu yerine getirme eğilimini gösterir. Bunlardan birincisi; bankalar bulundukları ülkelerin ödemeler sisteminde önemli bir rol oynar ve aynı zamanda bu ödemeler sisteminde bir takas merkezi olarak hizmet verir. İkincisi; bankalar kredi verenler tarafından piyasaya sürülen hakları, Bu çalışma 2012 yılında Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsünde “Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Sektörel Büyüme ve Sektörel İstihdamın Yabancı Banka Girişlerine Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Uygulama (1990–2010)” ismiyle kabul edilen Doktora tezinden oluşturulmuştur.

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