Türkiye’deki Trombe Duvarı Sistemine ait Sayısal Isı Akısı Analizi

Tromb duvar, güneş enerjisinin depolanarak iç ortam sıcaklığının ilave enerji tüketimi gerektiren herhangi bir mekanik sisteme bağımlı kalmaksızın arttırılması için kullanılan pahalı olmayan bir pasif ısıtma sistemidir. Son zamanlarda ısı duvarının konfigürasyon ve enerji verimliliğine yönelik yapılan çalışmaların çoğu hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği yardımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bunun sebeplerinden bir tanesi, bu programlarda cam ve akışkan alan çevresindeki yüzey sınır koşullarının temsil edildiği yarı geçirgen ve geçirimsiz duvarların kullanıcıya sağlanması ve enerjinin sadece yarı geçirgen duvarlar içerisinden geçebilmesine izin verilmesidir. Ancak, sonlu elemanlar metodu programlarında geçirimsiz duvar özelliklerine karşılık gelen ve enerjiyi ısı akısı şeklinde aktaran katı ve kabuk elemanlar kullanılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, daha önce deneysel bir çalışma kapsamında inşa edilmiş Tromb duvarı sistemine ait sayısal ısı akısı analizi gerçekleştirilmiş ve sayısal analiz deneysel analiz sonuçları ile doğrulanmıştır. Simülasyon çalışmalarına göre, güneş ışığı alması beklenen yüzeylere geçirgenlik katsayısına bağlı olarak hesaplanacak ilave güneş enerjisi tanımlanması halinde elde edilen sonuçların deneysel çalışmalarla örtüştüğü görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, sayısal olarak doğrulanmış Tromb duvar modelinin kullanılarak Türkiye’deki üç farklı iklim bölgesine ait konut yapılarındaki enerji tasarruf potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir çalışma yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Pasif ısıtma sistemleri, Trombe duvarı, Güneş enerjisi, Isı akısı, CFD, FEM

NUMERICAL HEAT FLUX ANALYSIS OF A TROMBE WALL SYSTEM IN TURKEY

Trombe wall is an inexpensive passive heating design method used for storing and utilizing solar energy to increase indoor temperature without relying on any mechanical system that requires additional energy. Most recent studies concerning solar wall configuration and energy efficiency have been conducted by using computational fluid dynamics. One reason for this is because semi-transparent and opaque boundaries are provided in simulating wall and glazing surfaces around the fluid domain and solar heat flux energy are allowed in through semi-transparent boundaries. However, finite element method programs employ solid and shell elements as opaque walls that transmit the energy into the domain. In this study, numerical heat flux analysis of a Trombe wall system, which was built for a previous experimental study, has been performed and numerical and experimental analysis results have been verified. According to the simulation studies, heat transfer analysis results are obtained in a good agreement with real time measurements when additional solar load calculated due to transmissivity are defined at the surfaces which are expected to be sun exposed. Besides, numerically verified model of the Trombe wall system was used in evaluating energy saving potential of residential buildings for three cities with different climate regions in Turkey.

Keywords:

Passive heating system, Trombe wall, Heat flux, CFD, FEM, Solar energy,

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