EFSUN DİNDAR, F. Olcay TOPAÇ ŞAĞBAN, Hüseyin S. BAŞKAYA

HAM PETROL VE ATIK YAĞ İLE KİRLENMİŞ TOPRAKLARDA ARITMA ÇAMURU UYGULAMASININ ENZİM AKTİVİTELERİNE ETKİSİ

Petrol kökenli ürünler toprak ekosisteminde büyük tahribatlar yaratır. Bu durum, bu maddelerin düşük biyolojik organik bileşik karışımlarının çoğu zaman potansiyel karsinojenik ve mutajenik olarak tarif olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Biyolojik parçalanmaya dayanıklı petrol kökenli hidrokarbonların toprakta birikmesi, enzim aktiviteleri ve mikroorganizma varlığı gibi biyolojik parametrelerin değişmesine sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ham petrol ve atık mineral motor yağı ile seçilen oranlarda (%0,5 ve %5) kirletilen topraklara organik kirleticinin parçalanmasını kolaylaştırmak amacıyla arıtma çamuru ilave edilmiştir. Hazırlanan örneklerle 12 aylık bir inkübasyon çalışması yürütülmüş olup seçilen enzim aktiviteleri (üreaz, dehidrogeneaz, alkali fosfataz, β-glukosidaz) analizlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, arıtma çamuru ilavesi ham petrol ve atık yağ ile kirlenmiş topraklarda enzim aktivitelerinin iyileşmesine katkıda bulunmuştur. Üreaz, alkali fosfataz ve dehidrogenaz aktivitelerinin ham petrol ve atık mineral yağ kirliliğinden olumsuz etkilendiği tespit edilmiş olup β-glukosidaz aktivitesinde ise olumsuz bir etki gözlenmemiştir. Ham petrol ve atık yağ ile kirlenmiş topraklar arasında bir kıyaslama yapıldığında kirletici tipleri açısından enzim aktiviteleri üzerinde önemli bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

atık yağ, enzim aktiviteleri, ham petrol, inkübasyon, toprak

The Effect of Wastewater Sludge on Soil Enzyme Activities in Soil Contaminated with Crude Oil and Waste Engine Oil

Petroleum products cause great devastation in soil ecosystems. This results from the fact that these substances are mixtures of organic compounds with a low bioavailability, often described as potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic. As a result of the high potential of petroleum hydrocarbons to accumulate in the soil environment, together with their resistance to biodegradation, these compounds cause substantial changes in biological parameters, such as enzymatic activity and abundance of microbes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of hydrocarbon pollution (crude oil and waste engine oil) on soil enzyme activities at the end of incubation period of 12 months. The possible use of wastewater sludge as a biostimulating agent in petroleum-contaminated soils was also evaluated. Enhanced enzyme activity levels in contaminated soils indicated that crude oil and waste engine oil appeared to stimulate microbial growth and enzyme activity in the soil environment. Results showed that hydrocarbon contamination inhibited enzymatic activities (except β-glucosidase) in all the amended soil samples. The effect of wastewater sludge amendment on soil enzymes in polluted soil appears to depend on contaminant dose and the origin of the petroleum product.

Keywords:

crude oil, enzyme activities, incubation, soil, waste engine oil,

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