Güney Marmara Bölgesindeki Bal Arılarının Chalkbrood (Ascosphaera apis) İnfeksiyonunda Predispozisyon Faktörleri

Bu çalışma ile Bursa ve çevresindeki arıcılık işletmelerinde görülen mantar enfeksiyonlarının yaygınlıının ve etkili mantar türlerinin belirlenmesi ile birlikte bu enfeksiyonlarda önem taşıyan predispozisyon faktörlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Toplam 6 istasyonda 84 kovan incelenmiş, 84 kovanın 20’sinde (%23.8) klinik olarak mantar infeksiyonu semptomları gözlenmiştir. Kireç hastalığı bulguları gösteren 20 kovandan larva ve işçi arı örnekleri alınarak klinik olarak mantar infeksiyonu şüpheli 20 kovandan alınan her iki tür materyalin (larva ve işçi arı) tümünden (%100) her iki izolasyon yöntemi ile kireç hastalıı’nın etkeni A. apis izole edildmiştir. Ayrıca 20 kovanın dört (%20)’üne ait işçi arı örneklerinden aynı zamanda Penicillium spp. izole edilmiştir. İzolasyon çalımaları sonucunda taş hastalığı nedeni olan mantar türlerine rastlanmamış olup yapılan ölçümler sonucu izolatlar Ascosphaera apis (A.apis) olarak identifiye edilmiştir. Örneklerin alındığı bölgelerde ve işletmelerde mantar infeksiyonunun olumasında etkili olabilecek predispozisyon faktörlerinin varlığı belirlenerek iki aylık aralıklarla iki yıl boyunca kovanlardan etken üremesi olup olmadığını incelemek için örnekler alınmıştır. Mantar infeksiyon bulguları olan ve A. apis izolasyonu yapılan 20 kovanın 19’unda (%95) Varroa enfestasyonu, 17 kovanda (%85) ise koruma amaçlı antibiyotik (Apimisin-Eritromisin) kullanıldığı saptanmıştır. Yapılan Ki-Kare testine göre kireç hastalığı infeksiyonu bulunan kovanlarda Varroa enfestasyonu tek olarak diğer predispozisyon faktörlerine göre istatistiksel olarak daha önemli bulunmuştur (p

Predisposing Factors for Chalkbrood (Ascosphaera apis) Infectioan in Honey Bees in Northwest Turkey

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