BAL ARISININ (APİS MELLİFERA) BAKTERİYEL FLORASININ BELİRLENMESİ, BAKTERİLERİN CRY GEN ANALİZLERİ VE BAL ARISI SAĞLIĞININ KORUNMASI ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Arıcılık gerek Türkiye’de gerekse dünyada tarım ekonomisine ve tozlaşma yoluyla bitkisel üretime önemli katkılar sağlar. Arıların olmadığı bir ortamda bitkisel üretimin %47 oranında azalabileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Arıcılık sektöründe birçok etken de bal üretimini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu sebepler arasında mikroorganizma sebepli hastalıkların yanı sıra, organizma kaynaklı hastalıklar ve tehlikeler de ön sıralarda yer almaktadır. Günümüzde bu zararlılarla mücadelede birçok yöntem kullanılmakta olup halen önüne geçilememiş durumdadır. Bu yöntemler arasında biyolojik mücadele yöntemi kullanılmamaktadır. Buradan yola çıkarak, çalışmanın amacı, bal arılarının sağlığını korumak için biyolojik bir etmen kullanılarak hastalık ve zararlı organizmalarla mücadele konusunda biyopestisit geliştirilmesinde taban oluşturmaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışma sonucunda bal arılarından 16 adet bakteri izolasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bakterilerden 12 tanesi Bacillus cinsine, iki tanesi Lysinibacillus cinsine, bir tanesi Paenibacillus cinsine ait iken bir tanesi de Pantoea cinsine aittir. Bu bakterilerin moleküler ve biyokimyasal tanımlamaları yapılarak GenBank a kayıt yaptırılmış ve kayıt numaraları alınmıştır. On beş adet Bacillus, Paenibacillus ve Lysinibacillus cinslerine ait bakterinin cry gen analizleri yapılmıştır. Bilindiği üzere cry genleri hem zararlılara karşı kullanılma potansiyeline sahiptir hem de ileride bu bakteri ve genleri geliştirilerek biyopestisit kullanılma potansiyeli olabilecektir. Bu sonuçlara göre cry1 geni 8 bakteride ve cry3 geni de 3 bakteride gözlemlenmiştir. cry2 ve cry4 genleri bu bakterilerde tespit edilememiştir. Bu genleri taşıyan bakteriler bal arısı sağlığı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bakteriler biyopestisit olarak geliştirilerek başta organizma gibi zaralılar olmak üzere farklı arı hastalıklarına karşı kullanılma potansiyeline sahiptirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Apis mellifera, Bakteri, Mikrobiyoloji, Bal arısı sağlığı, cry genleri

DETERMINATION OF HONEY BEE (Apis mellifera) BACTERIAL FLORA, CRY GENE ANALYSIS AND HONEY BEE HEALTH

Beekeeping provides important contributions to the agricultural economy and crop production through pollination both in Turkey and the world. It is evaluated that without bees, the plant production can decrease by 47%. Many factors affect honey production negatively. Among these reasons, besides diseases caused by microorganisms, diseases and dangers originating from organisms are at the forefront. Today, many methods are used in the control these pests and yet they are still unavoidable. Among these methods, the biological control method is not used commonly. The aim of the study is to create a basis for the development of biopesticides to control bee diseases. In this context, as a result of the study, 16 bacteria were isolated from honey bees. While, 12 bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus, two bacteria belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus, one bacterium belonging to the genus Paenibacillus and one bacterium belonging to the genus Pantoea were obtained. Molecular and biochemical identifications of these bacteria were done and registered in GenBank and their accession numbers were obtained. cry gene analyzes of 15 bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus were performed. As it is known, cry genes have the potential to be used against pests. In the future, these bacteria and their genes will have the potential to be used as biopesticides. According to these results, the cry1 gene was observed in 8 bacteria and the cry3 gene was observed in 3 bacteria. cry2 and cry4 genes could not be detected in these bacteria. Bacteria that including cry genes are of great importance for honey bee health. Bacteria have the potential to be developed as internal biopesticides and used against different bee diseases to improve honey bee health.

Keywords:

Apis mellifera, Bacteria, Microbiology, Honey bee health, cry genes,

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