Rustem ILYASOV, Sooho LİM, Myeong Lyeol LEE, Hyung Wook KWON, Alexey NİKOLENKO

Akarisit Amitraz ve Fluvalinat'ın Bal Arısı Apis mellifera'nın Üreme ve Verimliliğine Etkisi

Varroa, bal arısı Apis mellifera'nın iyi bilinen bir ektoparazitidir. Amitraz ve fluvalinat, bal arısı A. mellifera kolonilerinde V. destructor istilasına karşı kullanılan oldukça yüksek etkili akarisitlerdir. Bal arıları, akarisitlere karşı daha dirençli olsalar da, bu kimyasalların bal arılarının üreme, koku alma ve bal üretimi üzerinde yan etkileri vardır. Bu çalışma ile Akarisitler olan amitraz ve fluvalinatın bal üretimi ve bal arısı kolonilerinin üremesi üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, bal arılarının Fluvalinat’a bağlı olarak koku alma duyusunun azalması durumunu ilgili nöropeptid genlerinin kısa nöropeptid F sNPF, taşikinin TK, kısa nöropeptid F reseptörü sNPFR ifadesindeki değişiklik olduğunu varsaydık. Bal arısı kolonilerinin akarisitler olan amitraz ve fluvalinate ile kontrol edilmesi, haşere kontrolünün olumlu etkisiyle birlikte üremeye, bal verimliliğine zarar verir ve muhtemelen bal arılarının öğrenmesini ve hafızasını, lezzetini ve kokusunu muhtemelen azaltabilir. Kısa bir süre ve özenle kullanıldığında, akarisit kullanımı bal arılarına daha az zarar verebilir. Varroaya dirençli bal arılarının yetiştirilmesi, akarisit kullanımını azaltmaya ve organik bal üretmeye izin verir. Bu nedenle, arıcılığın daha da geliştirilmesi için seçim; hastalıklara, Varroa’ya dirençli ve çevreye uyum yönünde olmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Amitraz, fluvalinat, bal üretimi, üreme, A. mellifera, V. destructor, kısa nöropeptid F sNPF, takikinin TK, kısa nöropeptid F reseptörü sNPFR, RT-PCR, gen ifadesi

EFFECT OF MITICIDES AMITRAZ AND FLUVALINATE ON REPRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF HONEY BEE APIS MELLIFERA

Varroa destructor is a well-known ectoparasite of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Amitraz and fluvalinate are highly effective miticides used against V. destructor infestation in colonies of honey bee A. mellifera. Though honey bees more resistant to miticides, there are side effects of these chemicals on the reproduction, olfaction, and honey production of honey bees. We showed a negative impact of miticides amitraz and fluvalinate on honey production and reproduction of honey bee colonies. Also, we assumed the reduction of olfaction of honey bees by fluvalinate due to changes of expression of olfactory related neuropeptide genes short neuropeptide F sNPF, tachykinin TK, short neuropeptide F receptor sNPFR. The external treatment of honey bee colonies by miticides amitraz and fluvalinate along with a positive effect of pest control harms reproductivity, honey productivity, and, probably, can reduce learning and memory, gustation and olfaction of honey bees. When used for a short time and with care, miticides can be less harmful to honey bees. Breeding varroa-resistant honey bees allow to reduce the use of miticides and produce organic honey. Therefore, the further development of beekeeping should be in the direction of selection for disease and Varroa resistance and adaptation to the environment.

Keywords:

Amitraz, Fluvalinate, Honey Production, Reproduction, A. mellifera, V. destructor, Short Neuropeptide F sNPF, Tachykinin TK, Short neuropeptide F receptor sNPFR, RT-PCR, Gene expression.,

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