Serengül KARTAL, Rahşan İVGİN TUNCA, Okan ÖZGÜL, Kemal KARABAĞ, Hasan KOÇ

Güneybatı Ege Bölgesi’nde Nosema Türlerinin Mikroskobik ve Moleküler Olarak Belirlenmesi

Dünya’nın pek çok yerinde hayvansal üretim faaliyeti olarak yapılan arıcılık, başta bal üretimi olmak üzere bal mumu, arı zehri, propolis, arı sütü gibi arı ürünleri ile de dünya ticaret pazarında oldukça geniş bir yere sahiptir. Ancak, arıcılıktan elde edilecek verimi kısıtlayan bal arısı hastalıkları oldukça yaygınlaşmış durumdadır. Bu hastalıkların en önemlilerinden biri olan Nosema, bal arısının bağırsak epitelyum hücrelerinde sporların neden olduğu hastalıktır. Ülkemizde de yaygın bulunan bu hastalığın etmeni olarak Nosema apis ve Nosema ceranae gösterilmektedir. Bu iki tür birbirlerinden en iyi şekilde moleküler tanı yöntemleri ile ayırt edilebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Muğla ilinin 13 farklı lokasyonunda bulunan 152 arılıktan ve bu arılıklara yakın 62 su kaynağından alınan örneklerde Nosema sporları ışık mikroskobu altında Thoma lamı kullanılarak spor sayımı yapılmıştır. Nosema sporu gözlemlenen örneklerden DNA izolasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nosema tür taraması için 218MITOC FOR- REV ve 321APIS FOR-REV primerleri kullanılarak ilgili gen bölgeleri çoğaltılmıştır. Yapılan network analizinde bu gen bölgelerine göre ilk kez 3 haplotipi belirlenmiştir. Muğla yöresinde Nosema hastalığı yaygınlığı %71,53±6,02 oranında tespit edilmiş ve hastalık etmeni olarak sadece N. ceranae’nın varlığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, blast analizi, daha önce Lübnan, Fransa, Fas ve Tayland ülkelerinden bildirilen N. ceranae örnekleri ile yüksek benzerlik (%94-100) tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

N. apis, N. ceranae moleküler tespit, Haplotip, Muğla, Turkiye

MICROSCOPIC AND MOLECULAR DETECTION OF NOSEMA SP. IN THE SOUTHWEST AEGEAN REGION

Beekeeping, performed in many parts of the world, has a very large place in the world trade market with bee products such as wax, bee venom, propolis and royal jelly, especially honey production. However, honey bee diseases are quite common and restricted the production of bee products. One of the most important of these diseases, Nosema, is caused by spores in intestinal epithelium cells of the honeybee. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are the factors of this disease and also common in our country. These two species can be distinguished from each other by molecular diagnostic methods. In this study, materials collected from 152 apiaries located in 13 districts of Muğla province and 62 water sources close to these apiaries. The spores were counted using Thoma lame under light microscope. DNA isolation was carried out from spore positive samples. 218MITOC FOR-REV and 321APIS FOR-REV primers were used to figure out the N. apis and N. ceranae species. After DNA sequence analysis of the obtained amplifications, it was determined that all samples formed 3 haplotypes according to studied sequences for the first time. In Muğla region, the presence of only N. ceranae as a disease agent was determined and the prevalence of the disease was detected at a rate of 71.53±6.02%. Moreover, blast analysis showed that the N. ceranae sequence detected high similarity (94-100 %) with the previously reported in Lebanon, France, Morocco and Thailand samples.

Keywords:

. apis N. ceranae, molecular detection, Haplotype, Muğla, Turkey,

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