Çin ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?
Yumuşak güç, zorlama olmadan elde edilebilen çekim gücüne dayalı modeldir. Yumuşak güç stratejisi geçmişte liberal hegemonik politika yaklaşımı olarak rasyonel olarak kullanılmakla birlikte, son yirmi yılda batının liberal çehresi değişmiştir. Çin ise bu zaman diliminde uluslararası sahada meydan okuyucu tavırlar sergilemeye başlamıştır. Bu çerçevede hâlihazırda Çin, Batı tarzı uluslararası ilişkiler modelinde, batının üstünlüğünü aşmak üzere yumuşak güç modelini kullanmaktadır. Bu durumda Çin, uluslararası ilişkiler, gümrük hizmetleri ve uluslararası hukukla ilgili politikalarını modernize etmek için “işbirliği politikasını” ön plana çıkarmıştır. Çin kendini “güçlü” bir devlet yapmak üzere, “barbarları, barbarları kontrol etmek için kullanın” sloganıyla modernleşme için kademeli olarak dış ilişkilerinde yumuşak gücü uygulamayı hedeflemiştir. Ancak, Çin'in yumuşak güç modeli yeni dünya düzenini şekillendirmesinde kendine has stratejileri içermektedir. Bu makale, literatür ve politika yapıcıları tarafından Çin'in yumuşak güç kavramını nasıl ayrıştığını, batı tarzı yumuşak güç kavramının nasıl sınırlara sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu makale, Çin'in Batı ile karşılaştırıldığında güç kavramını tanımlamak için yeni bir paradigmaya sahip olup olmadığını incelemektedir.
China and the Alternative Charms of 21st Century’s New World Order: How China is Reshaping their Non-Western Model of Soft Power
Soft power is the frame of attraction that can be achieved without force. The strategy of soft power mainly proliferated and rationally employed by the west as a policy approach of their liberal hegemonic face. Though since the last two decades, the west’s liberal faces are declining and the new challenging appearances are coming from the east, especially from China. China was used to follow the methods of the western style of international relations to overcome their superiority. In that case, China was used to highlight the “cooperative policy” to modernize their policy related to international relations, custom service, and international law. To make China as “powerful” nation, they aimed to introduce the Chinese version of foreign relations and soft power model where “use barbarians to control barbarians” was a gradual process into the progression of modernization. However, the query is which Chinese model of soft power will introduce China’s strategies in shaping the future new world order. This paper seeks to find out whether and how scholars and policymakers distinguish China’s soft power concept and how soft power has been framed in the literature and academia of China apart from the concept of western soft power. Finally, this study assesses whether China shows a new paradigm to identify the power concept in comparison with its frontiers of the West.
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