Sigara ambalajı üzerindeki görsel uyarıların etkileri

2001 yılı itibariyle Kanada ve birçok ülkede sigara ambalajları üzerinde yazılı uyarılara ek olarak resimli uyarıların yer alması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Bu düzenleme Türkiye’de ise 2008 yılında kabul edilmiştir. Ancak sigara ambalajı üzerinde yer alan bu uyarılar ülkeler arası farklılık göstermektedir. Bu farklılık, uyarının uyandırdığı korkunun yoğunluğu ve algılanan tehdit düzeyi ile ilişkilidir. Korku içeriğinin etkileri üzerine araştırmalar, korku uyandıran koşullar ile mesajın kabul edilmesi arasında pozitif, doğrusal bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Ancak korku içeriğinde kullanılacak tehdidin yoğunluk derecesi, etiksel bir tartışma yaratmaktadır. Ek olarak, birçok araştırma yürütülmüş olmasına rağmen, korku içeriğinin yoğunluk düzeyinin istenilen sonucu yaratmaktaki etkisi saptanamamıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, sigara ambalajı üzerinde yer alan görsel uyarıların, tüketici zihninde, bilişsel ve duygulanımsal olarak değerlendirilme sürecinin açıklanmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, korku içeriği teorisi, geliştirilen modeller ve SSCI veya SCI (Social Science Citiation Index/ Science Citiation Index) kapsamında yayınlanmış araştırmalar ele alınmaktadır.

The effects of visual warnings on cigarette packaging

The utilization of verbal and graphical warnings on cigarette packages is obligated in Canada and many other countries in 2001. That regulation is accepted in 2008 in Turkey. However, warnings on cigarette packages differ among countries. That difference is related to intensity of aroused fear and perceived threat. Researches on fear appeal show that there is a positive linear relationship between message acceptance and fear-arousing conditions. Nevertheless, intensity degree of the threat in fear appeal causes ethical arguments. Although many researches have been done, there is still no consensus on what intensity of aroused fear is the most effective. The aim of this research is to explain mental evaluation processes of cigarette warnings in consumer minds. According to that, fear appeal theory, models and researches indexed in SSCI or SCI (Social Science Citiation Index/ Science Citiation Index) are discussed.

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