THE SCOPE AND USE OF ESP IN FOREIGN AND TURKISH CONTEXT

İngilizce uluslararası arenada bu kadar yaygın kullanılmadan önce okullarda herhangi bir mesleki ve eğitimsel amaç güdülmeksizin bir yabancı dil olarak öğretiliyordu. Günümüzde ise dünyanın ve de eğitimin globalleşmesinden dolayı bireylerin farklı ihtiyaç ve beklentileri doğrultusunda çok talep gören bir olgu haline gelmiştir ve dünyada en etkili yabancı dil olarak kabul görmektedir. Yabancı dil öğreniminin nedenlerine bakıldığında üniversiteler ve özel dil kurslarında insanların artık bir yabancı dili tüm yönleriyle öğrenmek yerine akademik, sektörel ve profesyonel anlamda öğrenmeye çalıştıkları görülmektedir. Bunu da daha işlevsel yöntemler vasıtasıyla şahıs ve özel amaçlarına daha çok hizmet verecek şekilde özel amaçlı İngilizce olarak öğrenmeye çalıştıkları görülmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı özel amaçlı İngilizce öğretimi ve öğreniminin genel durumunu ve uygulama alanlarını dünya çapında ve Türkiye'de birkaç uygulama alanıyla örneklemektir. Makalede öncelikle özel amaçlı İngilizce öğretiminin tarihsel yapısı, tanımı, özellikleri, türleri, genel İngilizce, özel amaçlı İngilizce ve akademik amaçlı İngilizce öğretimi arasındaki genel farklar ve karşılaşılan güçlükler ve faydalardan bahsedilmiştir. Daha sonra, bu dersi okutan öğretmen ve bu dersi alan öğrenci hakkında bilgi verilerek özel amaçlı İngilizce öğretimi için uygulanması olmazsa olmaz olan ihtiyaç analizi çalışmasının tanımı çeşitleri ile birlikte yapılmıştır. Önemi vurgulanarak kimlere, niçin, ne zaman, nasıl, hangi durumlarda, hangi şartlarda ve hangi kaynaklar kullanılarak yapılması gerektiği örnek uluslararası ve ulusal ihtiyaç analizi çalışmaları ile kapsamlı bir şekilde ortaya konmuştur. Bunların yanı sıra, çalışma özel amaçlı İngilizce öğreten öğretmenlerin karşılaştıkları sorunlardan da bahsederek özel olarak tasarlanmış ve yayımlanmış destekleyici kitaplara değinmiştir.

YABANCI VE YEREL ORTAMDA ÖZEL AMAÇLI İNGİLİZCENİN KAPSAMI VE KULLANIMI

Before English was this widespread and used at international arena it was taught at schools as a foreign language without striving for any occupational or individual purposes. Today, it has become a phenomenon because of the different needs and expectations of individuals due to the globalization of the world, and globalization of education. A close-up study will reveal that mainly at universities and private courses instead of learning a foreign language with all its aspects, people rather prefer to learn it for academic, occupational or specific purposes. They aim to learn it with specially tailored and more functional methods through English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The purpose of this paper is to illustrate ESP teaching and learning through sample applications and uses throughout the world and in Turkey. In the study, next to the historical development of ESP, its definition and characteristics, its types, general English, differences between English for specific purposes and English for academic purposes, it also mentions about drawbacks and benefits experienced in teaching ESP. Both information about ESP teachers and students taking ESP courses, and a definition of the indispensable needs analysis study with its types is provided in detail. Its importance is highlighted by exemplifying why, when, where, to whom, how and with what resources it be implemented. Several international and national needs analysis studies are presented, commented on, evaluated and suggestions proposed on difficulties met by ESP teachers and books tailored specifically for ESP.

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