Kolombiya – FARC Barış Sürecinin Uygulanması: Sorunlar ve Riskler

Yarım asırdan fazla süren Kolombiya - FARC çatışması, tarafların barış yönünde gösterdikleri irade sayesinde 2016 yılında imzalanan barış anlaşmasıyla çözüm yoluna girmiştir. 2012 yılında başlayan Havana Barış Müzakereleri birçok konuda örnek alınacak seviyede başarılı olmuş ve süreç sonunda taraflar arasında bir barış anlaşması imzalanabilmiştir. Ancak mevcut durumda barış anlaşmasının uygulanmasında önemli sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Bu çalışma Kolombiya- FARC barış sürecinin halen devam etmekte olan uygulama sürecinde yaşanan sorunları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda öncelikle anlaşma maddelerinin uygulama oranları irdelenmiş ve sürecin genel çerçevesi ortaya konulmuştur. Buna ek olarak barış anlaşmasının uygulanması ile ilgili olarak barış sürecini tehlikeye sokan ve ülkede şiddetin dinmesini engelleyen hususlar ayrıntılı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu sorunlar barış anlaşmasının altı ana maddesinden olan uyuşturucu maddelerle mücadele ve toprak reformu konuları ile eski FARC üyelerinin entegrasyonunda yaşanan sorunları ve tekrar silahlanmaları hususlarını içermektedir. Ülkede çatışmanın ortaya çıkması ve şiddetlenmesinde ana faktör olarak karşımıza çıkan toprak dağıtımı ve uyuşturucu maddeler sorunlarının halen çözülemiyor oluşu hem ülkede şiddetin devam etmesine neden olmakta hem de barış sürecini tehlikeye atmaktadır. Bu iki meseleye ek olarak silah bırakan FARC üyelerinin farklı motivasyonlar ile tekrar silahlanmaya başlaması da süreci tehdit eden önemli konulardan birisidir. Barış anlaşmasının tam olarak uygulanamamasının ardında yatan ana nedenlerden birisinin mevcut hükümetin anlaşmayı uygulamadaki isteksizliği olduğu düşünüldüğünde, 2022 yılında yapılacak olan seçimlerin barış sürecinin kaderi için oldukça belirleyici olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kolombiya, FARC, İç Çatışma, Barış Süreci, Çatışma Çözümü

Implemetation of Colombia – FARC Peace Deal: Problems and Risks

The Colombian-FARC conflict, which lasted for more than half a century, entered the path of resolution with the peace agreement signed in 2016, thanks to the will of the parties for peace. The Havana Peace Negotiations, which started in 2012, were successful at an exemplary level in many areas, and the peace agreement was signed between the parties at the end of the process. However, in the current situation, there are significant problems in the implementation of the peace agreement. This study aims to examine the problems experienced in the ongoing implementation process of the Colombian-FARC peace process. In this context, first of all, the implementation rates of the agreement articles were examined and the general framework of the process was revealed. In addition, the issues that jeopardize the peace process and prevent the violence to cease in the country regarding the implementation of the peace agreement were analyzed in detail. These issues include the fight against drugs and land reform, which are some of the six main articles of the peace agreement, as well as problems in the integration and rearmament of former FARC members. The fact that the land distribution and drugs problems, which are the main factors in the emergence and intensification of the conflict in the country, are still not resolved, both cause the violence to continue in the country and jeopardize the peace process. In addition to these two issues, the fact that the FARC members, who laid down their arms, started to take up arms again with different motivations is one of the important issues that threaten the process. Considering that one of the main reasons behind the failure of the peace agreement to be fully implemented is the reluctance of the current government to implement the agreement, it is considered that the elections to be held in 2022 will be quite decisive for the fate of the peace process.

Keywords:

Colombia, FARC, Internal Conflict, Peace Process, Conflict Resolution,

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