Birlik İçin Hoşgörü: Yanıltıcı Bir Çağrı

Demokratik siyaset tarihinde muzaffer politikacıların çoğu, ayrışmanın zararlı etkilerine bir çare olarak hoşgörüyü önermiştir. Dahası, toplumdaki hoşgörü düzeyi ve bunun ayrışma düzeyinin, demokrasi seviyesi, kurumların kalitesi ve ekonomik büyüme dahil olmak üzere bir dizi makro-politik ve makro-ekonomik özellik için olumsuz etkileri olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, şimdiye kadar ikisi arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamak için yeterince çaba harcanmamıştır. Bu araştırma, bu alaşılmazlığı çözmeyi amaçlamakta ve toplumun hoşgörü düzeyinin, seçmenin ve yasama organının ayrışmasını azaltıp azaltmadığı sorusunu sormaktadır. Bu araştırma, bu ilişki hakkında fikir edinmek için icel araştırma yöntemlerini kullanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın analizleri için Karşılaştırmalı Politik Veri Kümesi’nden elde edilen sistem düzeyindeki verilerden ve 12 Batılı demokratik ülke için Dünya Değerler Araştırması’ndan çıkarılan toplu bireysel düzeydeki verilerden oluşan nihai bir veriseti kullanılmıştır. Beklentilerin aksine, bulgular, grup dışı hoşgörü ve siyasi parti sisteminin hem oy hem de sandalye düzeylerinde ayrışmasının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve olumlu bir şekilde ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Oy seviyesinde ayrışma, Sandalye sevitesinde ayrışma, Dış grup hoşgörüsü, Birlik, Demokrasi

Tolerance for Unity: A Deceptive Call

Many triumphant executive politicians in the history of democratic politics proposed tolerance as a cure for detrimental effects of fractionalization. Moreover, tolerance level in the society and its level of fractionalization are suggested to have counter implications for a series of macro-political and macro-economic features, including level of democracy, quality of institutions and economic growth. Nevertheless, up to now far too little attention has been paid to understand the relationship between the two. This research aims to solve this puzzle and asks the question whether tolerance level of the society decreases the fractionalization of the voters and the legislative body. This research used quantitative modes of inquiry to gain insights into this relationship. A final dataset, which consists of system-level data derived from Comparative Political Data Set and aggregated individual-level data extracted from World Values Survey for 12 Western democratic countries, was used for the analyses of this research. Counter to expectations, findings revealed that out-group tolerance and fractionalization of the political party system on both votes and seats levels are statistically significantly and positively associated.

Keywords:

Votes-level fractionalization, Seats-level fractionalization, Out-group tolerance, Unity, Democracy,

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