PSİKOSOSYAL BİR PROBLEM: ÖNYARGIDAN ŞİDDETE DÖNÜŞEN YAŞLI KRİZİ

Bu araştırmanın amacı; yaşlılara yönelik şiddetin önyargı, sosyal damgalama ve istismar ile bağlantısına değinmek ve şiddete maruz kalacak yaşlıların E. Erikson perspektifinden hangi psikososyal gelişim evresindeki krizi aşamadıklarını açıklamaktır. Araştırmanın amacı kapsamında ilgili konular 2000 yılı sonrası farklı kaynaklardan sistematik olarak incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; araştırmalar çoğunlukla yaşlı nüfusun artışının sebep olacağı demografik dönüşüm kuramına, istismara ve aktif iş gücüne vurgu yapmaktadır. Buna karşın Türkiye’de yaşlılara yönelik şiddet oranlarına ilişkin çalışmaların yetersiz düzeyde olduğu fark edilmiş, yaşlıya yönelik önyargıların ve yaşlıların psikososyal gelişimlerinin şiddet mağduru olmalarındaki rolüne değinilmemiştir. Yaşlı grupların toplum için bir tehdit unsuru oluşturduğu ve ayrımcılığa, başta ekonomik ve psikolojik istismar olmak üzere ihmale ve hatta şiddete maruz kaldığı görülmektedir. Yaşlılara karşı olumsuz tutum sergilenmesine sebep olan üretmeme hali Erikson’ın 7. evresindeki üretkenliğe karşın durgunluk kriziyle; topluma karşı öfke besleyen yaşlıların tutumlarının ise 8. evredeki umutsuzluğa karşın bütünlük kriziyle ilgili olduğu değerlendirilmesinde bulunulmuştur. Yapılan çalışmada Erikson’ın psikososyal gelişim kuramının farklı yaşlılık kuramlarına esin kaynağı olduğu, yaşlı hakları ve gelişimi için gerekli yetkinliği sağladığı görülmektedir. Araştırma, insan haklarını tehdit eden yaşçılık olgusu ve gelişim psikolojisi arasında bağ kurarak literatüre katkı sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yaşlılık, Nüfus, Ayrımcılık, İnsan Hakları, Erikson

A PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEM: ELDERLY CRISIS THAT TURNS FROM PREJUDICE TO VIOLENCE

The purpose of this research is; to address the connection of violence against the elderly with prejudice, social stigma, and abuse and to explain at which stage of psychosocial development the elderly who will be exposed to violence could not overcome the crisis from the perspective of E. Erikson. Within the scope of the research, the relevant issues were systematically examined and evaluated from different sources after the year 2000. According to the results obtained, studies mainly emphasize the increase in the elderly population, the theory of demographic transformation that will be caused, abuse and active labor force. On the other hand, it has been noticed that the studies on the rates of violence against the elderly in Turkey are insufficient, and the role of prejudices against the elderly and their psychosocial development in being victims of violence has not been addressed. It is seen that elderly groups constitute a threat to society and are exposed to discrimination, neglect, and even violence, especially economic and psychological abuse. It has been evaluated that the state of not producing, which causes a negative attitude towards the elderly, is related to the crisis of generativity versus stagnation in Erikson's 7th stage; also attitudes of the elderly who have anger towards society are related to the crisis of integrity versus despair in the 8th stage. The research will contribute to the literature by establishing a link between the phenomenon of ageism that threatens human rights and developmental psychology.

Keywords:

Old Age, Population, Discrimination, Human Rights, Erikson,

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