Medya İletişiminin Çözümlenmesi için Bir Diyalektik Toplumsal Çerçeve

Bu makale medya ve medya iletişimi çözümlemesi için diyalektik bir teorik çerçeve önermektedir. Çalışma, iletişimin tek bir toplumsal yapının parçası ya da toplumsal sistem içinde ayırt edici bir yapı olmaması nedeniyl, medya ve iletişimin özgün bir kuramsal çözümlemesinin, toplumsal bütünlük içindeki belirli kurucu ilişkileri ve süreçleri dikkate alması gerektiğini saptamasıyla başlamaktadır. Makale, bu ilişkileri ve süreçleri, eşzamanlı, ikiz ve örtüşen diyalektik bireyselleşme-sosyalleşme ve sınıfsallaşma-kitleselleşme ilişki ve süreçlerinin yarattığı diyalektik gerilimler ve modeller biçiminde formüle etmeye ve çözümlemeye çalışmaktadır. Bunu yaparken, makale, eski ve yeni medya ve iletişim biçimlerini yeniden yorumlamaktadır ve gerçek bir iletişimsel medya potansiyelini ortaya çıkardığı için blogları vurgulamaktadır; makale ayrıca, iletişim ve medya konularına ekonomi politik çerçevede yaklaşanlar tarafından da kullanılan “ücretsiz emek” gibi kavramları da ele almakta, sanal sınıf ve sanal küçük burjuvazi gibi yeni kavramlar da önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

diyalektik, diyalektik gerilim, kitleselleşme, sınıfsallaşma, toplumsallaşma, bireyselleşme, iletişimsel medya, blog, kamusal alan

A Dialectical Social Framework for the Analysis of Media Communication

This article proposes a dialectical theoretical framework for the analysis of media and media communication. The study begins with the determination that a genuine theoretical analysis of media and communication must take into account certain constitutive relations and processes within the social whole, since communication is not part of a single social structure or a distinctive structure within a social system. The article tries to formulate and analyze these relationships and processes in the form of dialectical tensions and patterns created by simultaneous, twin and overlapping dialectic relationships and processes of individualization-socialization and classification-massization. In doing so, the article reinterprets the forms of old and new media and of communication and highlights blogs as they reveal a true communicative media potential; the article also discusses concepts such as “free labor”, which is also used by those who approach communication and media issues from political economy, and proposes new concepts such as virtual class and virtual petty bourgeoisie.

Keywords:

massification, classification, socialization, individualization, communicative media, blogs, dialectics, dialectic tensions, public sphere,

PDF

___

Adolf, M., and Deicke, D. (2015). “New modes of integration: Individuality and sociality in digital networks”, First Monday-Peer Reviewed Journal on the Internet, 20(1). 5, Available at https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/5495/4198, (accessed 10 July 2019).
Althusser, L. (1970). ”Lenin and philosophy” and other essays, Ideology and ideological state apparatuses (Notes towards an investigation) Available at http://marxists.org/reference/archive/althusser/1970/ ideology.htm (accessed 9/8/2018).
Anderson, J., and Rainie, L. (2018). “The future of well-being in a tech-saturated world”, Pew Research Center, Available at https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/04/17/the-future-of well-being-in-a-techsaturated-world/ (accessed 9 July 2019).
Ball, R.A. (1979). “The dialectical method: Its application to social theory”, Social Forces, 57(3). 785-798, Oxford University Press, Available at https://www.jstor.org/stable/2577353 (accessed 10 November 2020).
Baxter, L.A., and Scharp, K. M. (2016). “Dialectical tensions in relationships” in C. R. Berger. and M. E. Roloff. (Ed) The International Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Communication, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI:10.1002/9781118540190.wbeic0017.
Bennett, T. (1982). “2” “Theories of the media, theories of society” in M. Gurevitch et al (Ed.). Culture, Society and the Media, London: Methuen. Available at http://web.mit.edu/21l.432/www/readings/Bennett_TheoriesOfMediaAndSociety.pdf (accessed 9/8/2018)
Fuchs, C. (2014). “Karl Marx and the study of media and culture today”, Culture Unbound, Journal of Current Cultural Research, 6, 39–76.
Fuchs, C. (2016). “Dallas Smythe today–The audience commodity, the digital labour debate, Marxist political economy and critical theory. Prolegomena to a digital labour theory of value” (chapter 18) in C. Fuchs and V. Mosco (Ed.). Marx and the Political economy of the media, Leiden and Boston: Koninklijke Brill NV.
Fuchs, C. (2017). ”What are social media and big data?” (Chapter 2) in Social Media, A Critical Introduction, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi: Sage.
Genner, S., and Süss, D. (2016). “Socialization as media effect”, Roessler wbieme0138.tex V1 – 07/14/2016, Available at http://sarah.genner.cc/uploads/5/1/4/1/51412037/socialization_as_media_effect.pdf (accessed 10 July 2019).
Habermas, J., Lennox, S., and Lennox, F. (1974). “The public sphere: An encyclopedia article (1964)”. New German Critique, (3), 49-55. doi:10.2307/487737. Available at https://unige.ch/sciences-societe/socio/files/2914/0533/6073/Habermas_1974.pdf (accessed 14 May 2019).
Kellner, D. (1989). Jean Baudrillard: From Marxism to Postmodernism and Beyond, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, Available at https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/Baudrillard.pdf (accessed 2 July 2019).
Marx, K., and Engels, F. (1848). Manifesto of the Communist Party, Available at https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01.htm#007 (accessed 11 December 2020).
Reveley, J. (2013). “Understanding social media use as alienation: a review and critique”, E–Learning and Digital Media, 10(1).
Roussou, E. (2015). “From socialization to individualization: A new challenge for Portuguese Religiosity, Italian Journal of Sociology of Education, 7(3), 89-112. Available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/952f/168a70ed765392ccfaef25da90b8919ad158.pdf, (accessed 10 July 2019).
Terranova, T. (2004). Network culture, politics for the information age, London, Ann Arbor: Pluto Press, Available at https://compthink.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/terranova-network-culture.pdf (accessed 28 January 2019).
Türkyılmaz, Ç. (2015). “Hegel and Marx on the Self-Realization of Man”, Available at https://www.academia.edu/20087154/Hegel_and_Marx_on_the_Self_Realization_of_Man, (accessed 23 November 2020) (Original article in Türkyılmaz, Ç. (2015). “Hegel and Marx on the Self-Realization of Man”, Hegel-
Jahrbuch, 2015(1), 251-255. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/hgjb-2015-0140.
Watson, J., and Hill, A. (2012). (8th edition), Dictionary of media and communication studies. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Available at http://www.bedaih.com/uploads/books_lib/files/Dictionary_of_Media.pdf (accessed 16 July 2019).
Williams, G. (1991). Political theory in retrospect, From the Ancient Greeks to the 20th Century, Cheltenham, Northampton: Edward Elgar.
Williams, R. (1985). Keywords, A vocabulary of culture and society. New York: Oxford University Press, Available at https://aklatangbayan.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/raymond-williams-keywords.pdf (accessed 19 April 2019).