Çin’de Üretilen Aşılara Yönelik YouTube Tartışmaları Çerçevesinde Yanlış Bilgi ve Nefret Söylemi İlişkisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme
COVID-19 pandemisi geleneksel medya ve yeni medyaya belirgin etkilerde bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda yeni medya parametrelerine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan infodeminin toplumsal riskler oluşturduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada COVID-19 sürecinde dijital platformlardaki yanlış bilgi, nefret söylemi ve kullanıcı etkileşimi miktarı arasındaki ilişki Çin’de üretilmiş aşılar bağlamında incelenmiştir. Beş YouTube videosundan 2919 kullanıcı yorumu toplanmış, tümdengelimci nitel içerik analizi yaklaşımıyla çözümlenmiş, ardından Ki-kare testi uygulanmıştır. Yorumlarda yanlış bilgi ve nefret söylemi mevcudiyeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca nefret söylemi ve etkileşim arasında da anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulgulanmıştır. Aynı anda hem yanlış bilgi hem de nefret söylemi içeren yorumlar incelendiğinde, çoğunlukla virüsün bir proje olduğunu iddia eden yanlış bilgilerle karşılaşılmıştır. Virüsün bir savaş enstrümanı, aşının ise ticari bir araç olduğuna yönelik iddialarda bulunulduğuna rastlanılmıştır. Ayrıca Sincan Uygur Özerk Bölgesi’ndeki durum kapsamında Türk düşmanlığı gibi farklı bağlamlarda “bize karşı onlar” söylemi yaratıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Yanlış bilginin mevcut olduğu durumlarda yorumlardaki nefret söyleminin yüzde 5,1 daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yorumların tümündeki ortalama beğeni sayısı 3,4 iken, nefret söylemi içeren kullanıcı yorumlarının ortalama beğeni sayısının 6,6 olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yanlış bilgi ve nefret söylemi döngüsel bir şekilde birbirini beslemektedir. Sonuç olarak bu durumun yaşanmakta olan sağlık kriziyle mücadeleyi olumsuz etkileme potansiyeli taşıdığı ortaya konmuştur.
An Analysis on the Relationship Between Misinformation and Hate Speech in the Framework of YouTube Discussions About Vaccines Produced in China
COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced conventional and new media. In this context, it has been observed that the infodemic that emerges due to parameters of new media poses social risks. This study aims to analyze the relationship between misinformation, hate speech and the amount of user interaction during COVID-19 on digital platforms in the context of vaccines produced in China. 2919 user comments were collected from the five YouTube videos. Comments were analysed with deductive content analysis and Chi-square test was implemented. A significant relationship exists between misinformation existence and hate speech existence. In addition, a significant relationship was found between hate speech existence and amount of user interaction in comments. Content of comments, where both misinformation and hate speech exist, shows that users often claim that the virus is a project, a war instrument or vaccines are commercial instruments. It is observed that a “they versus us” discourse was established in the context of the situation in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Turkophobia. It was identified that when misinformation exists in user comments, the existence of hate speech is 5,1% higher. It was observed that the average amount of user interaction of comments that contain hate speech is 6,6 while the average amount of user interaction in overall comments is 3,4. Finally, it is concluded that this situation can potentially impact the fight with ongoing health crisis in a negative way.
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