Messaad KHAMMASSI, Hanene CHAABANE, Naima BELBAHR, Thouraya SOUISSI

İnce Delice Yoğunluğu ve Farklı Herbisit Uygulamalarının Buğday Verimi ve İnce Deliceye Etkisi

Tahıllarda Lolium rigidum Gaud. kontrolü için herbisitler kullanılmaktadır. 2011-2012 yılları arasında Mateur'da herbisit uygulamalarının ince delice (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) biomass ve buğday verimine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla bu çalışma yürütülmüştür. Buna benzer şekilde Mateur, Fritissa, Metline, Tinja and Menzel Bourguiba lokasyonlarında ince delicenin buğday verimine etkisini belirlemek için ikinci denemeler yürütülmüştür. 1. denemede Tolurex uygulamasının en iyi sonucu verdiği ve ince delice biomasını % 96,4 azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. varyans analizinde herbisit uygulamasının buğday verimine önemli oranda etkisi gözlemlenmiştir. en yüksek buğday verimine Tolurex (6,15 t ha-1 ) ile elde edilmiş bu uygulama verimin % 59 arttırılmıştır. İkinci denemede Menzel Bourguiba (1,5 t ha-1 ) uygulamasında ince delice biomasında en yüksek kayıp gözlemlenmiş ve ortalama yoğunluk m2 ’de 393 bitki olarak sayılmıştır. en düşük kayıp ise (0.38 t ha-1 ) ile Metilen uygulamasında görülmüş ve alan ince delice ile yoğun bulaşık bulunmuştur (450 bitki metrekare). Buğday verimi ile ince delice yoğunluğu arasında korrelasyon (r = 0,18 and p = 0,77) bulunmamıştır. Verimde ortalama azalma 0,9 t ha1 (±0,4) ile 390 dan fazla bitki ile elde edilmiştir Fotosistem 2 inhibitörü Tolurex ince delice biomasını azalltmış buğday verimini arttırmıştır. Kuzey Tunusta ince delice mücadelesinde Tolurex kullanımı önerilmektedir. Bununla birlikte ince delicenin acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) ve acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitorü herbisitlere dayanıklılık kazandığı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

: Yoğunluk, Herbisit, Kayıp, Direnç, İnce delice, Verim

The Impact of Ryegrass Density and Different Herbicides on Wheat Yield and Efficacy of Various Herbicides against Ryegrass

Herbicides are used to control ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in cereals. In 2011/12, an experiment was conducted in Mateur, to evaluate the effect of herbicide treatments on ryegrass biomass and wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) yield. Similarly, a second experiment was conducted in five locations (Mateur, Fritissa, Metline, Tinja and Menzel Bourguiba) to quantify the losses caused by ryegrass to wheat yield. The results of the first experiment showed that Tolurex proved the most effective in reducing ryegrass biomass by 96.4%. The analysis of variance showed significant effect of herbicide treatments on wheat yield. The highest wheat yield was recorded with Tolurex (6.15 t ha-1 ), which improved the yield by 59%. The results of the second experiment indicated that the highest losses in ryegrass biomass were recorded with Menzel Bourguiba (1.5 t ha-1 ) with average density of ryegrass (393 plants m-2 ). The lowest losses (0.38 t ha-1 ) in ryegrass biomass were recorded with Metline, heavily infested with ryegrass (450 plants m-2 ). Yield of wheat was not correlated (r = 0.18 and p = 0.77) with ryegrass density. The average loss in yield was 0.9 t ha-1 (±0.4) with an average density of more than 390 plants m- ². Tolurex, inhibitor of photosystem II (PSII), reduced ryegrass biomass, while improved wheat yield. It is recommended to use Tolurex for the control of ryegrass in the north of Tunisia. Moreover it is suspected that ryegrass has evolved resistance against commonly used acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor hericides.

Keywords:

Density, Herbicide, Losses, Resistance, Ryegrass, Yield,

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